Ray-I Chang¹, Chia-Hui Wang^2,*, Yen-Ting Chang¹, Lien-Chen Wei²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.1, pp. 503-518, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068516 - 29 August 2025

Abstract As data analysis often incurs significant communication and computational costs, these tasks are increasingly outsourced to cloud computing platforms. However, this introduces privacy concerns, as sensitive data must be transmitted to and processed by untrusted parties. To address this, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) has emerged as a promising solution for privacy-preserving Machine-Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS), enabling computation on encrypted data without revealing the plaintext. Nevertheless, FHE remains computationally expensive. As a result, approximate homomorphic encryption (AHE) schemes, such as CKKS, have attracted attention due to their efficiency. In our previous work, we proposed RP-OKC, a CKKS-based clustering… More >

Ghaliah Alhamzi¹, Badr Saad T. Alkahtani², Ravi Shanker Dubey³, Mati ur Rahman^4,5,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.1, pp. 609-633, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.056604 - 17 December 2024

Abstract This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu (AB) derivatives having arbitrary order. The HIV infection model has a susceptible class, a recovered class, along with a case of infection divided into three sub-different levels or categories and the recovered class. The total time interval is converted into two, which are further investigated for ordinary and fractional order operators of the AB derivative, respectively. The proposed model is tested separately for unique solutions and existence on… More >

Javaid Ali¹, Armando Ciancio², Kashif Ali Khan³, Nauman Raza^4,5, Haci Mehmet Baskonus^6,*, Muhammad Luqman¹, Zafar-Ullah Khan⁷

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.3, pp. 2275-2296, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.046923 - 08 July 2024

Abstract This study proposes a structure-preserving evolutionary framework to find a semi-analytical approximate solution for a nonlinear cervical cancer epidemic (CCE) model. The underlying CCE model lacks a closed-form exact solution. Numerical solutions obtained through traditional finite difference schemes do not ensure the preservation of the model’s necessary properties, such as positivity, boundedness, and feasibility. Therefore, the development of structure-preserving semi-analytical approaches is always necessary. This research introduces an intelligently supervised computational paradigm to solve the underlying CCE model’s physical properties by formulating an equivalent unconstrained optimization problem. Singularity-free safe Padé rational functions approximate the mathematical More >

Kai Long¹, Ayesha Saeed¹, Jinhua Zhang², Yara Diaeldin¹, Feiyu Lu¹, Tao Tao³, Yuhua Li^1,*, Pengwen Sun⁴, Jinshun Yan⁵

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.1, pp. 43-67, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.031538 - 30 December 2023

Abstract This paper offers an extensive overview of the utilization of sequential approximate optimization approaches in the context of numerically simulated large-scale continuum structures. These structures, commonly encountered in engineering applications, often involve complex objective and constraint functions that cannot be readily expressed as explicit functions of the design variables. As a result, sequential approximation techniques have emerged as the preferred strategy for addressing a wide array of topology optimization challenges. Over the past several decades, topology optimization methods have been advanced remarkably and successfully applied to solve engineering problems incorporating diverse physical backgrounds. In comparison… More >

Shujuan Tian^1,2,3, Wenjian Ding^1,2,3, Gang Liu⁴, Yuxia Sun⁵, Saiqin Long⁵, Jiang Zhu^1,2,3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 373-391, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034770 - 06 February 2023

Abstract In edge computing, a reasonable edge resource bidding mechanism can enable edge providers and users to obtain benefits in a relatively fair fashion. To maximize such benefits, this paper proposes a dynamic multi-attribute resource bidding mechanism (DMRBM). Most of the previous work mainly relies on a third-party agent to exchange information to gain optimal benefits. It is worth noting that when edge providers and users trade with third-party agents which are not entirely reliable and trustworthy, their sensitive information is prone to be leaked. Moreover, the privacy protection of edge providers and users must be… More >

Nidhi Gour¹, Rajneesh Pareek¹, Karthikeyan Rajagopal^2,3, Himanshu Sharma¹, Mrim M. Alnfiai⁴, Mohammed A. AlZain⁴, Mehedi Masud⁵, Arun Kumar^6,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.3, pp. 2827-2835, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.033341 - 21 December 2022

Abstract Massive-Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (M-MIMO) is considered as one of the standard techniques in improving the performance of Fifth Generation (5G) radio. 5G signal detection with low propagation delay and high throughput with minimum computational intricacy are some of the serious concerns in the deployment of 5G. The evaluation of 5G promises a high quality of service (QoS), a high data rate, low latency, and spectral efficiency, ensuring several applications that will improve the services in every sector. The existing detection techniques cannot be utilised in 5G and beyond 5G due to the high More >

Khursheed J. Ansari¹, Mustafa Inc^2,3,4,*, K. H. Mahmoud^5,*, Eiman⁶

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.2, pp. 1669-1684, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022971 - 27 October 2022

Abstract In this article, we developed sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an approximate solution to a nonlinear system of Lorenz equations under Caputo-Fabrizio fractional order derivative (CFFD). The required results about the existence and uniqueness of a solution are derived via the fixed point approach due to Banach and Krassnoselskii. Also, we enriched our work by establishing a stable result based on the Ulam-Hyers (U-H) concept. Also, the approximate solution is computed by using a hybrid method due to the Laplace transform and the Adomian decomposition method. We computed a few terms of… More >

Yongqiang Guo^1,2,*, Zhiyuan Lv³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1855-1870, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022211 - 20 September 2022

Abstract In uncertainty analysis and reliability-based multidisciplinary design and optimization (RBMDO) of engineering structures, the saddlepoint approximation (SA) method can be utilized to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of reliability evaluation. However, the random variables involved in SA should be easy to handle. Additionally, the corresponding saddlepoint equation should not be complicated. Both of them limit the application of SA for engineering problems. The moment method can construct an approximate cumulative distribution function of the performance function based on the first few statistical moments. However, the traditional moment matching method is not very accurate generally. In… More >

M. Usharani^1,*, B. Sakthivel², S. Gayathri Priya³, T. Nagalakshmi⁴, J. Shirisha⁵

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.44, No.2, pp. 1647-1657, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.027744 - 15 June 2022

Abstract Approximate computing is a popular field for low power consumption that is used in several applications like image processing, video processing, multimedia and data mining. This Approximate computing is majorly performed with an arithmetic circuit particular with a multiplier. The multiplier is the most essential element used for approximate computing where the power consumption is majorly based on its performance. There are several researchers are worked on the approximate multiplier for power reduction for a few decades, but the design of low power approximate multiplier is not so easy. This seems a bigger challenge for… More >

S. Rooban^1,*, A. Yamini Naga Ratnam¹, M. V. S. Ramprasad², N. Subbulakshmi³, R. Uma Mageswari⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 5169-5184, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.027974 - 28 July 2022

Abstract Advanced technology used for arithmetic computing application, comprises greater number of approximate multipliers and approximate adders. Truncation and Rounding-based Scalable Approximate Multiplier (TRSAM) distinguish a variety of modes based on height (h) and truncation (t) as TRSAM (h, t) in the architecture. This TRSAM operation produces higher absolute error in Least Significant Bit (LSB) data shift unit. A new scalable approximate multiplier approach that uses truncation and rounding TRSAM (3, 7) is proposed to increase the multiplier accuracy. With the help of foremost one bit architecture, the proposed scalable approximate multiplier approach reduces the partial products. The proposed… More >