Muhammad Muntasir Yakubu^1,2,*, Mohd Fadzil B Hassan^1,3, Kamaluddeen Usman Danyaro¹, Aisha Zahid Junejo⁴, Muhammed Siraj⁵, Saidu Yahaya¹, Shamsuddeen Adamu¹, Kamal Abdulsalam⁶

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.6, pp. 1437-1481, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2024.054556 - 22 November 2024

Abstract This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of blockchain consensus mechanisms, an essential protocols that maintain the integrity, reliability, and decentralization of distributed ledger networks. The aim is to comprehensively investigate prominent mechanisms’ security features and vulnerabilities, emphasizing their security considerations, applications, challenges, and future directions. The existing literature offers valuable insights into various consensus mechanisms’ strengths, limitations, and security vulnerabilities and their real-world applications. However, there remains a gap in synthesizing and analyzing this knowledge systematically. Addressing this gap would facilitate a structured approach to understanding consensus mechanisms’ security and vulnerabilities comprehensively. The… More >

Mitra Madanchian^1,*, Hamed Taherdoost^1,2,3,4

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.2, pp. 2133-2159, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.057094 - 18 November 2024

Abstract This comparative review explores the dynamic and evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered innovations within high-tech research and development (R&D). It delves into both theoretical models and practical applications across a broad range of industries, including biotechnology, automotive, aerospace, and telecommunications. By examining critical advancements in AI algorithms, machine learning, deep learning models, simulations, and predictive analytics, the review underscores the transformative role AI has played in advancing theoretical research and shaping cutting-edge technologies. The review integrates both qualitative and quantitative data derived from academic studies, industry reports, and real-world case studies to showcase the… More >

Ahamad B. Alkodre¹, Nour Mahmoud Bahbouh², Sandra Sendra³, Adnan Ahmed Abi Sen^4,*, Yazed Alsaawy¹, Saad Said Alqahtany¹, Abdallah Namoun¹, Hani Almoamari¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.2, pp. 2727-2751, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.053706 - 18 November 2024

Abstract In Saudi Arabia, drones are increasingly used in different sensitive domains like military, health, and agriculture to name a few. Typically, drone cameras capture aerial images of objects and convert them into crucial data, alongside collecting data from distributed sensors supplemented by location data. The interception of the data sent from the drone to the station can lead to substantial threats. To address this issue, highly confidential protection methods must be employed. This paper introduces a novel steganography approach called the Shuffling Steganography Approach (SSA). SSA encompasses five fundamental stages and three proposed algorithms, designed… More >

JYOTHI B. NAIR^1,2, ANU MARY JOSEPH³, SANOOP P.⁴, MANU M. JOSEPH^5,*

BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.11, pp. 1579-1602, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.054879 - 07 November 2024

Abstract Nanoparticles represent a heterogeneous collection of materials, whether natural or synthetic, with dimensions aligning in the nanoscale. Because of their intense manifestation with the immune system, they can be harvested for numerous bio-medical and biotechnological advancements mainly in cancer treatment. This review article aims to scrutinize various types of nanoparticles that interact differently with immune cells like macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. It also underscores the importance of knowing how nanoparticles influence immune cell functions, such as the production of cytokines and the presentation of antigens which are crucial for… More >

Tareq Hamadneh¹, Belal Batiha², Omar Alsayyed³, Frank Werner^4,*, Zeinab Monrazeri⁵, Mohammad Dehghani^5,*, Kei Eguchi⁶

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.3, pp. 2253-2323, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.055171 - 31 October 2024

Abstract This paper introduces the Wolverine Optimization Algorithm (WoOA), a biomimetic method inspired by the foraging behaviors of wolverines in their natural habitats. WoOA innovatively integrates two primary strategies: scavenging and hunting, mirroring the wolverine’s adeptness in locating carrion and pursuing live prey. The algorithm’s uniqueness lies in its faithful simulation of these dual strategies, which are mathematically structured to optimize various types of problems effectively. The effectiveness of WoOA is rigorously evaluated using the Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2017 test suite across dimensions of 10, 30, 50, and 100. The results showcase WoOA’s robust… More >

Carmen Gheorghe^*, Mihai Duguleana, Razvan Gabriel Boboc, Cristian Cezar Postelnicu

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.3, pp. 1939-1981, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.054735 - 31 October 2024

Abstract Identifying objects in real-time is a technology that is developing rapidly and has a huge potential for expansion in many technical fields. Currently, systems that use image processing to detect objects are based on the information from a single frame. A video camera positioned in the analyzed area captures the image, monitoring in detail the changes that occur between frames. The You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm is a model for detecting objects in images, that is currently known for the accuracy of the data obtained and the fast-working speed. This study proposes a comprehensive More >

Aimable Ngendahayo^1,*, Adrià Junyent-Ferré², Joan Marc Rodriguez Bernuz³, Etienne Ntagwirumugara¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.11, pp. 3121-3131, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.053100 - 21 October 2024

Abstract There are obstacles to the widespread use of small electric vehicles (EVs) in Rwanda, including concerns regarding the battery range and lifespan. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play an important role in EVs. However, their performance declines over time because of several factors. To optimize battery management systems and extend the range of EVs in Rwanda, it is essential to understand the influence of the driving profiles on lithium-ion battery degradation. This study analyzed the degradation patterns of a lithium-ion battery cell that propels an E-bike using various real-world E-bike driving cycles that represent Rwandan driving conditions… More >

Jingfa Ma, Hu Liu^*, Lingxiao Chen

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 443-469, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.056209 - 15 October 2024

Abstract Demand-responsive transportation (DRT) is a flexible passenger service designed to enhance road efficiency, reduce peak-hour traffic, and boost passenger satisfaction. However, existing optimization methods for initial passenger requests fall short in addressing real-time passenger needs. Consequently, there is a need to develop real-time DRT route optimization methods that integrate both initial and real-time requests. This paper presents a two-stage, multi-objective optimization model for DRT vehicle scheduling. The first stage involves an initial scheduling model aimed at minimizing vehicle configuration, and operational, and CO₂ emission costs while ensuring passenger satisfaction. The second stage develops a real-time scheduling… More >

Xionglve Li, Chengyu Wang, Yifan Yang, Changsheng Hou, Bingnan Hou, Zhiping Cai^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 53-78, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.055186 - 15 October 2024

Abstract The global Internet is a complex network of interconnected autonomous systems (ASes). Understanding Internet inter-domain path information is crucial for understanding, managing, and improving the Internet. The path information can also help protect user privacy and security. However, due to the complicated and heterogeneous structure of the Internet, path information is not publicly available. Obtaining path information is challenging due to the limited measurement probes and collectors. Therefore, inferring Internet inter-domain paths from the limited data is a supplementary approach to measure Internet inter-domain paths. The purpose of this survey is to provide an overview… More >

Nahed Tawfik^1,*, Heba M. Emara², Walid El-Shafai³, Naglaa F. Soliman⁴, Abeer D. Algarni⁴, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 271-307, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052404 - 15 October 2024

Abstract Lung cancer remains a major concern in modern oncology due to its high mortality rates and multifaceted origins, including hereditary factors and various clinical changes. It stands as the deadliest type of cancer and a significant cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Early diagnosis enables healthcare providers to administer appropriate treatment measures promptly and accurately, leading to improved prognosis and higher survival rates. The significant increase in both the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer, particularly its ranking as the second most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, underscores the need for comprehensive research into efficient… More >