Zhiying Sun1, Guolong Zhao2,3, Feng Hu1,*
Journal of Psychology in Africa, Vol.35, No.4, pp. 513-521, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpa.2025.070126
- 17 August 2025
Abstract This study examined the relationship between transformational leadership and employee bootleg innovation through the mediating role of creative self-efficacy and the moderating role of leader-member exchange (LMX). Data were collected from 279 employees and 56 matched supervisors within a large Chinese digital transformation group. A moderated mediation model analysis found that transformational leadership predicts higher employee bootleg innovation. Creative self-efficacy mediated the positive relationship between transformational leadership and employee bootleg. Additionally, leader-member exchange significantly moderated the relationship between transformational leadership and creative self-efficacy, for a further enhancement of bootleg innovation. These findings underscore the importance More >