M. A. P. Manimekalai¹, M. Karthikeyan¹, I. Thusnavis Bella Mary¹, K. Martin Sagayam¹, Ahmed A Elngar², Unai Fernandez-Gamiz³, Hatıra Günerhan^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1325-1353, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.035856 - 31 October 2023

Abstract This paper proposes a cryptographic technique on images based on the Sudoku solution. Sudoku is a number puzzle, which needs applying defined protocols and filling the empty boxes with numbers. Given a small size of numbers as input, solving the sudoku puzzle yields an expanded big size of numbers, which can be used as a key for the Encryption/Decryption of images. In this way, the given small size of numbers can be stored as the prime key, which means the key is compact. A prime key clue in the sudoku puzzle always leads to only… More >

Khalid Hamid¹, Muhammad Waseem Iqbal², M. Usman Ashraf³, Akber Abid Gardezi⁴, Shafiq Ahmad⁵, Mejdal Alqahtani⁵, Muhammad Shafiq^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 4221-4238, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034320 - 31 October 2022

Abstract A graph invariant is a number that can be easily and uniquely calculated through a graph. Recently, part of mathematical graph invariants has been portrayed and utilized for relationship examination. Nevertheless, no reliable appraisal has been embraced to pick, how much these invariants are associated with a network graph in interconnection networks of various fields of computer science, physics, and chemistry. In this paper, the study talks about sudoku networks will be networks of fractal nature having some applications in computer science like sudoku puzzle game, intelligent systems, Local area network (LAN) development and parallel… More >