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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    4-dimensional Printing of Multi-material, Multi-shape Changing Shape Memory Polymer Composites

    MANIKANDAN.N1,*, RAJESH.P.K1

    Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.38, No.3-4, pp. 327-336, 2021, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2021.38.3-4.12

    Abstract In this research, a new method to fabricate multi-material, multi-shape changing polymer composites is proposed. The method aims to reduce the number of thermomechanical programming steps involved in achieving shape change in a shape memory polymer (SMP) composite structure by including the programming steps directly into the printing process. After a single step of mechanical deformation and thermal loading, the SMP fibers can be activated sequentially to control the shape change. Composite strip samples were fabricated using a Stratasys Objet 260 multimaterial printer. Two polymer inks VeroPureWhite and Agilus30 were used as primary materials. The… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Microwave–Induced Thermo-Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane/MWCNTs Composites and Improved their Shape Memory and Mechanical Properties

    KRISHAN KUMAR PATEL, RAJESH PUROHIT

    Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 23-37, 2019, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2019.36.01.3

    Abstract Microwave (MV)-induced thermo-responsive shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane (SMTPU)/ MWCNT composites were prepared in micro-compounder. Composites containing different amount of multiwall Carbon nanotube (MWCNT) varying from 0 to 1.5 phr in SMTPU matrix were prepared. Maximum stretching strength, recovery force and tensile strength for 1.5 CNTPU (1.5 phr MWCNT in SMTPU matrix) was increased by 120%, 100% and 24% respectively as compared to SMTPU. MV-induced shape memory is a novel approach for fast, clean and remote heating during operation. MWCNT is strong absorber of microwave irradiation so that SMTPU/ MWCNTs nanocomposites successfully triggered by microwave. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Three-Dimensional Constitutive Equation And Finite Element Method Implementation for Shape Memory Polymers

    Guanghui Shi1, Qingsheng Yang1,2, Xiaoqiao He3,4, Kim Meow Liew3

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.90, No.5, pp. 339-358, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2013.090.339

    Abstract In order to describe the thermomechanical deformation and shape memory effect of shape memory polymers (SMPs), a three-dimensional thermomechanical constitutive model that considers elastic, viscoelastic strain and thermal expansion is proposed for isotropic SMPs. A three-dimensional finite element procedure is developed by implementing the proposed constitutive model into the user material subroutine (UMAT) in ABAQUS program. Numerical examples are used to compare it with existing experimental data in a one dimensional case and to demonstrate the thermomechanical behavior of SMPs with 3D deformation. It is shown that the present constitutive theory and the finite element More >

  • Open Access

    ABSTRACT

    Thermomechanical Constitution of Shape Memory Polymer

    Z.D. Wang1, D.F Li1

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.5, No.4, pp. 245-254, 2008, DOI:10.3970/icces.2008.005.245

    Abstract The thermo-mechanical constitution of shape memory polymers (SMPs) is critical for predicting their deformation and recovery characteristics under different constraints. In this study, a new, physical-based, temperature and time-dependent constitutive model is proposed for simulating the thermomechanical response of SMPs. The deformation mechanisms of shape fix and shape recovery are analyzed. Different models are compared to compare strain and stress recovery responses with the experimental results. More >

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