Kithmini Godewatte Arachchige¹, Mohsin Murtaza², Chi-Tsun Cheng², Bader M. Albahlal^3,*, Cheng-Chi Lee^4,5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.3, pp. 3679-3705, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.059378 - 19 December 2024

Abstract Information security has emerged as a crucial consideration over the past decade due to escalating cyber security threats, with Internet of Things (IoT) security gaining particular attention due to its role in data communication across various industries. However, IoT devices, typically low-powered, are susceptible to cyber threats. Conversely, blockchain has emerged as a robust solution to secure these devices due to its decentralised nature. Nevertheless, the fusion of blockchain and IoT technologies is challenging due to performance bottlenecks, network scalability limitations, and blockchain-specific security vulnerabilities. Blockchain, on the other hand, is a recently emerged information… More >

Gajjala Savithri^1,2, N. Raghavendra Sai^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.2, pp. 2547-2569, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.055827 - 18 November 2024

Abstract In the world of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), optimizing performance and extending network lifetime are critical goals. In this paper, we propose a new model called DTLR-Net (Deep Temporal LSTM Regression Network) that employs long-short-term memory and is effective for long-term dependencies. Mobile sinks can move in arbitrary patterns, so the model employs long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to handle such movements. The parameters were initialized iteratively, and each node updated its position, mobility level, and other important metrics at each turn, with key measurements including active or inactive node ratio, energy consumption per cycle,… More >

Adisa Hasković Džubur^*, Samir Čaušević, Belma Memić, Muhamed Begović, Elma Avdagić-Golub, Alem Čolaković

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 1059-1084, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.055386 - 15 October 2024

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are characterized by heterogeneous traffic types (audio, video, data) and diverse application traffic requirements. This paper introduces three traffic classes following the defined model of heterogeneous traffic differentiation in WSNs. The requirements for each class regarding sensitivity to QoS (Quality of Service) parameters, such as loss, delay, and jitter, are described. These classes encompass real-time and delay-tolerant traffic. Given that QoS evaluation is a multi-criteria decision-making problem, we employed the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method for multi-criteria optimization. As a result of this approach, we derived weight values for different traffic… More >

Chandraumakantham Om Kumar^1,*, Sudhakaran Gajendran², Suguna Marappan¹, Mohammed Zakariah³, Abdulaziz S. Almazyad⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 471-501, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054966 - 15 October 2024

Abstract The security of the wireless sensor network-Internet of Things (WSN-IoT) network is more challenging due to its randomness and self-organized nature. Intrusion detection is one of the key methodologies utilized to ensure the security of the network. Conventional intrusion detection mechanisms have issues such as higher misclassification rates, increased model complexity, insignificant feature extraction, increased training time, increased run time complexity, computation overhead, failure to identify new attacks, increased energy consumption, and a variety of other factors that limit the performance of the intrusion system model. In this research a security framework for WSN-IoT, through… More >

Muhammad Aamer Ejaz^1,*, Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar¹, Ismail Fauzi Bin Isnin¹, Babangida Isyaku^1,2,*, Taiseer Abdalla Elfadil Eisa³, Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud⁴, Asma Abbas Hassan Elnour³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 1511-1528, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054938 - 15 October 2024

Abstract Localization is crucial in wireless sensor networks for various applications, such as tracking objects in outdoor environments where GPS (Global Positioning System) or prior installed infrastructure is unavailable. However, traditional techniques involve many anchor nodes, increasing costs and reducing accuracy. Existing solutions do not address the selection of appropriate anchor nodes and selecting localized nodes as assistant anchor nodes for the localization process, which is a critical element in the localization process. Furthermore, an inaccurate average hop distance significantly affects localization accuracy. We propose an improved DV-Hop algorithm based on anchor sets (AS-IDV-Hop) to improve… More >

Wen-Tsai Sung¹, Indra Griha Tofik Isa^1,2, Sung-Jung Hsiao^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3733-3759, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.053634 - 12 September 2024

Abstract Mango fruit is one of the main fruit commodities that contributes to Taiwan’s income. The implementation of technology is an alternative to increasing the quality and quantity of mango plantation product productivity. In this study, a Wireless Sensor Networks (“WSNs”)-based intelligent mango plantation monitoring system will be developed that implements deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technology in carrying out prediction tasks based on three classifications: “optimal,” “sub-optimal,” or “not-optimal” conditions based on three parameters including humidity, temperature, and soil moisture. The key idea is how to provide a precise decision-making mechanism in the real-time monitoring system.… More >

Syed Kamran Haider^1,2, Abbas Ahmed², Noman Mujeeb Khan², Ali Nauman^3,*, Sung Won Kim^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 4085-4110, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052997 - 12 September 2024

Abstract In recent advancements within wireless sensor networks (WSN), the deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has emerged as a groundbreaking strategy for enhancing routing efficiency and overall network functionality. This research introduces a sophisticated framework, driven by computational intelligence, that merges clustering techniques with UAV mobility to refine routing strategies in WSNs. The proposed approach divides the sensor field into distinct sectors and implements a novel weighting system for the selection of cluster heads (CHs). This system is primarily aimed at reducing energy consumption through meticulously planned routing and path determination. Employing a greedy algorithm More >

V. G. Saranya^*, S. Karthik

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.1, pp. 127-150, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.053825 - 20 August 2024

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a collection of sensor nodes distributed in space and connected through wireless communication. The sensor nodes gather and store data about the real world around them. However, the nodes that are dependent on batteries will ultimately suffer an energy loss with time, which affects the lifetime of the network. This research proposes to achieve its primary goal by reducing energy consumption and increasing the network’s lifetime and stability. The present technique employs the hybrid Mayfly Optimization Algorithm-Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization (MFOA-EACO), where the Mayfly Optimization Algorithm (MFOA) is used to… More >

Hina Gul¹, Sana Ullah¹, Ki-Il Kim^2,*, Farman Ali³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 1831-1850, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052841 - 15 August 2024

Abstract The seamless integration of intelligent Internet of Things devices with conventional wireless sensor networks has revolutionized data communication for different applications, such as remote health monitoring, industrial monitoring, transportation, and smart agriculture. Efficient and reliable data routing is one of the major challenges in the Internet of Things network due to the heterogeneity of nodes. This paper presents a traffic-aware, cluster-based, and energy-efficient routing protocol that employs traffic-aware and cluster-based techniques to improve the data delivery in such networks. The proposed protocol divides the network into clusters where optimal cluster heads are selected among super… More >

Mohammed Kaddi^1,*, Mohammed Omari², Moamen Alnatoor¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2611-2631, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052048 - 15 August 2024

Abstract Recent advancements in wireless communications have allowed the birth of novel wireless sensor networks (WSN). A sensor network comprises several micro-sensors deployed randomly in an area of interest. A micro-sensor is provided with an energy resource to supply electricity to all of its components. However, the disposed energy resource is limited and battery replacement is generally infeasible. With this restriction, the sensors must conserve energy to prolong their lifetime. Various energy conservation strategies for WSNs have been presented in the literature, from the application to the physical layer. Most of these solutions focus only on… More >