Murad Njoum^1,2,*, Rossilawati Sulaiman¹, Zarina Shukur¹, Faizan Qamar¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 183-211, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050090 - 15 October 2024

Abstract Random pixel selection is one of the image steganography methods that has achieved significant success in enhancing the robustness of hidden data. This property makes it difficult for steganalysts’ powerful data extraction tools to detect the hidden data and ensures high-quality stego image generation. However, using a seed key to generate non-repeated sequential numbers takes a long time because it requires specific mathematical equations. In addition, these numbers may cluster in certain ranges. The hidden data in these clustered pixels will reduce the image quality, which steganalysis tools can detect. Therefore, this paper proposes a… More >

Muhammad Ayoub Kamal^1,3, Muhammad Mansoor Alam^1,2,4,6, Aznida Abu Bakar Sajak¹, Mazliham Mohd Su’ud^2,5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 1927-1945, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052169 - 15 August 2024

Abstract In situations when the precise position of a machine is unknown, localization becomes crucial. This research focuses on improving the position prediction accuracy over long-range (LoRa) network using an optimized machine learning-based technique. In order to increase the prediction accuracy of the reference point position on the data collected using the fingerprinting method over LoRa technology, this study proposed an optimized machine learning (ML) based algorithm. Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) data from the sensors at different positions was first gathered via an experiment through the LoRa network in a multistory round layout building. The More >

Muhammad Zaman Ali¹, Omer Riaz¹, Hafiz Muhammad Hasnain², Waqas Sharif², Tenvir Ali², Gyu Sang Choi^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.2, pp. 2923-2943, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049139 - 15 May 2024

Abstract In today’s rapidly evolving landscape of communication technologies, ensuring the secure delivery of sensitive data has become an essential priority. To overcome these difficulties, different steganography and data encryption methods have been proposed by researchers to secure communications. Most of the proposed steganography techniques achieve higher embedding capacities without compromising visual imperceptibility using LSB substitution. In this work, we have an approach that utilizes a combination of Most Significant Bit (MSB) matching and Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution. The proposed algorithm divides confidential messages into pairs of bits and connects them with the MSBs of… More >

Cong Hou¹, Kang Ning¹, Xiuye Wei¹, Yufei Cheng¹, Huatao Yu¹, Haibin Yu², Xia Liu^1,*, Linlin Dong^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2087-2103, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029041 - 29 May 2023

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in regulating diverse biological processes, but its signal transduction genes and roles in hemp seed germination are not well known. Here, the ABA signaling pathway members, PYL, PP2C and SnRK2 gene families, were identified from the hemp reference genome, including 7 CsPYL (pyrab-actin resistance1-like, ABA receptor), 8 CsPP2CA (group A protein phosphatase 2c), and 7 CsSnRK2 (sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2). The content of ABA in hemp seeds in germination stage is lower than that in non-germination stage. Exogenous ABA (1 or 10 μM) treatment had a significant regulatory effect on the selected PYL,… More >

Nguyen Hai Minh¹, Nguyen Tu Trung^2,*, Tran Thi Ngan², Tran Manh Tuan²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.3, pp. 3901-3909, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.032311 - 03 April 2023

Abstract Fusing satellite (remote sensing) images is an interesting topic in processing satellite images. The result image is achieved through fusing information from spectral and panchromatic images for sharpening. In this paper, a new algorithm based on based the Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) index optimization is proposed to fusing remote sensing images in this paper. Firstly, Wavelet transform is used to split the input images into components over the high and low frequency domains. Then, two fusing rules are used for obtaining the fused images. The first rule is “the More >

Shakti Raj Chopra¹, Parulpreet Singh¹, Ahmed Alhussen^2,*, Nitin Mittal³, MohdAnul Haq⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.2, pp. 3189-3201, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.030061 - 31 March 2023

Abstract Many extensive UAV communication networks have used UAV cooperative control. Wireless networking services can be offered using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as aerial base stations. Not only is coverage maximization, but also better connectivity, a fundamental design challenge that must be solved. The number of applications for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in unlicensed bands is fast expanding as the Internet of Things (IoT) develops. Those bands, however, have become overcrowded as the number of systems that use them grows. Cognitive Radio (CR) and spectrum allocation approaches have emerged as a potential approach for resolving… More >

G. Arunachalam^1,*, P. SureshKumar²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1279-1294, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.031001 - 03 November 2022

Abstract The main components of Cognitive Radio networks are Primary Users (PU) and Secondary Users (SU). The most essential method used in Cognitive networks is Spectrum Sensing, which detects the spectrum band and opportunistically accesses the free white areas for different users. Exploiting the free spaces helps to increase the spectrum efficiency. But the existing spectrum sensing techniques such as energy detectors, cyclo-stationary detectors suffer from various problems such as complexity, non-responsive behaviors under low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and computational overhead, which affects the performance of the sensing accuracy. Many algorithms such as Long-Short… More >

Mohammed S. M. Gismalla^1,2,3, Asrul I. Azmi^1,2, Mohd R. Salim^1,2, Farabi Iqbal^1,2, Mohammad F. L. Abdullah⁴, Mosab Hamdan^5,6, Muzaffar Hamzah^5,*, Abu Sahmah M. Supa’at^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 3607-3625, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031192 - 31 October 2022

Abstract Visible light communication (VLC), which is a prominent emerging solution that complements the radio frequency (RF) technology, exhibits the potential to meet the demands of fifth-generation (5G) and beyond technologies. The random movement of mobile terminals in the indoor environment is a challenge in the VLC system. The model of optical attocells has a critical role in the uniform distribution and the quality of communication links in terms of received power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As such, the optical attocells positions were optimized in this study with a developed try and error (TE) algorithm. The More >

Muhammad Hamraz¹, Dost Muhammad Khan¹, Naz Gul¹, Amjad Ali¹, Zardad Khan¹, Shafiq Ahmad², Mejdal Alqahtani², Akber Abid Gardezi³, Muhammad Shafiq^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 3663-3677, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.030064 - 31 October 2022

Abstract The current study proposes a novel technique for feature selection by inculcating robustness in the conventional Signal to noise Ratio (SNR). The proposed method utilizes the robust measures of location i.e., the “Median” as well as the measures of variation i.e., “Median absolute deviation (MAD) and Interquartile range (IQR)” in the SNR. By this way, two independent robust signal-to-noise ratios have been proposed. The proposed method selects the most informative genes/features by combining the minimum subset of genes or features obtained via the greedy search approach with top-ranked genes selected through the robust signal-to-noise ratio (RSNR).… More >

Dur-e-Jabeen^1,*, Tahmina Khan², Rumaisa Iftikhar¹, Ali Akbar Siddique¹, Samiya Asghar¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 539-557, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032393 - 22 September 2022

Abstract In recent years, it has been evident that internet is the most effective means of transmitting information in the form of documents, photographs, or videos around the world. The purpose of an image compression method is to encode a picture with fewer bits while retaining the decompressed image’s visual quality. During transmission, this massive data necessitates a lot of channel space. In order to overcome this problem, an effective visual compression approach is required to resize this large amount of data. This work is based on lossy image compression and is offered for static color… More >