Youseef Alotaibi¹, B. Rajasekar², R. Jayalakshmi³, Surendran Rajendran^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.3, pp. 4243-4262, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047608

Abstract Rapid development in Information Technology (IT) has allowed several novel application regions like large outdoor vehicular networks for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) transmission. Vehicular networks give a safe and more effective driving experience by presenting time-sensitive and location-aware data. The communication occurs directly between V2V and Base Station (BS) units such as the Road Side Unit (RSU), named as a Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I). However, the frequent topology alterations in VANETs generate several problems with data transmission as the vehicle velocity differs with time. Therefore, the scheme of an effectual routing protocol for reliable and stable communications is significant. Current research demonstrates… More >

Pu Zhang¹, Yingjun Li¹, Xinyu Zhu¹, Shizhan Xu¹, Pinwu Guan^1,*, Wei Liu², Yanwei Guo², Haibo Wang²

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.18, No.2, pp. 143-159, 2024, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.046986

Abstract Grouting defects are an inherent challenge in construction practices, exerting a considerable impact on the operational structural integrity of connections. This investigation employed the impact-echo technique for the detection of grouting anomalies within connections, enhancing its precision through the integration of wavelet packet energy principles for damage identification purposes. A series of grouting completeness assessments were meticulously conducted, taking into account variables such as the divergent material properties of the sleeves and the configuration of adjacent reinforcement. The findings revealed that: (i) the energy distribution for the high-strength concrete cohort predominantly occupied the frequency bands 42, 44, 45, and 47,… More >

Shiyan Zhang^1,*, Ruohan Xu², Zhangbo Xu³, Cenhua Yu¹, Yuyang Jiang¹, Yuting Zhao⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.2, pp. 2287-2308, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.046550

Abstract The 6th generation mobile networks (6G) network is a kind of multi-network interconnection and multi-scenario coexistence network, where multiple network domains break the original fixed boundaries to form connections and convergence. In this paper, with the optimization objective of maximizing network utility while ensuring flows performance-centric weighted fairness, this paper designs a reinforcement learning-based cloud-edge autonomous multi-domain data center network architecture that achieves single-domain autonomy and multi-domain collaboration. Due to the conflict between the utility of different flows, the bandwidth fairness allocation problem for various types of flows is formulated by considering different defined reward functions. Regarding the tradeoff between… More >

Nadeem Ahmed^1,*, Khalid Mohammadani², Ali Kashif Bashir^3,4,5, Marwan Omar⁶, Angel Jones⁷, Fayaz Hassan¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.1, pp. 633-659, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.031342

Abstract Wireless technology is transforming the future of transportation through the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, intricate security challenges are intertwined with technological progress: Vehicular ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a core component of IoV, face security issues, particularly the Black Hole Attack (BHA). This malicious attack disrupts the seamless flow of data and threatens the network’s overall reliability; also, BHA strategically disrupts communication pathways by dropping data packets from legitimate nodes altogether. Recognizing the importance of this challenge, we have introduced a new solution called ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector-Reputation-based mechanism Local Outlier Factor (AODV-RL). The significance of… More >

Duan Zhu^1,2, Zhende Zhu^1,2, Cong Zhang^1,2,*, Lun Dai^1,2, Baotian Wang^1,2

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.3, pp. 2445-2470, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.030847

Abstract Tunnel construction is susceptible to accidents such as loosening, deformation, collapse, and water inrush, especially under complex geological conditions like dense fault areas. These accidents can cause instability and damage to the tunnel. As a result, it is essential to conduct research on tunnel construction and grouting reinforcement technology in fault fracture zones to address these issues and ensure the safety of tunnel excavation projects. This study utilized the Xianglushan cross-fault tunnel to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the construction, support, and reinforcement of a tunnel crossing a fault fracture zone using the three-dimensional finite element numerical method. The study… More >

Abdulatif Alabdulatif^1,*, Mada Alharbi¹, Abir Mchergui², Tarek Moulahi^3,4

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.2, pp. 2005-2022, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029769

Abstract The rapid increase in vehicle traffic volume in modern societies has raised the need to develop innovative solutions to reduce traffic congestion and enhance traffic management efficiency. Revolutionary advanced technology, such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), enables improved traffic management, helps eliminate congestion, and supports a safer environment. ITS provides real-time information on vehicle traffic and transportation systems that can improve decision-making for road users. However, ITS suffers from routing issues at the network layer when utilising Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). This is because each vehicle plays the role of a router in this network, which leads to a… More >

Shadi Al-Sarawi¹, Mohammed Anbar^1,*, Basim Ahmad Alabsi², Mohammad Adnan Aladaileh³, Shaza Dawood Ahmed Rihan²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 491-515, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.041108

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting data. The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) in the IoT. However, RPL is vulnerable to various attacks, including the sinkhole attack, which disrupts the network by manipulating routing information. This paper proposes the Unweighted Voting Method (UVM) for sinkhole node identification, utilizing three key behavioral indicators: DODAG Information Object (DIO) Transaction Frequency, Rank Harmony, and Power Consumption. These indicators have been carefully selected based on their contribution to sinkhole attack detection and other relevant… More >

Farman Ali¹, Khalid Zaman², Babar Shah³, Tariq Hussain⁴, Habib Ullah⁵, Altaf Hussain⁵, Daehan Kwak^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 963-981, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040628

Abstract The paper presents a new protocol called Link Stability and Transmission Delay Aware (LSTDA) for Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) with a focus on network corridors (NC). FANET consists of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that face challenges in avoiding transmission loss and delay while ensuring stable communication. The proposed protocol introduces a novel link stability with network corridors priority node selection to check and ensure fair communication in the entire network. The protocol uses a Red-Black (R-B) tree to achieve maximum channel utilization and an advanced relay approach. The paper evaluates LSTDA in terms of End-to-End Delay (E2ED), Packet Delivery Ratio… More >

Xin Pan, Ya Gao, Fang Zeng, Chunmei Zheng, Wenxuan Ge, Yan Wan, Yanxia Sun, Xiaoyong Wu^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.10, pp. 2921-2936, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029853

Abstract Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) will have a serious effect both on the yield and quality of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). It is crucial to select and breed quinoa varieties with PHS resistance and excellent agronomic traits for guidance production and utilization of quinoa. A comprehensive evaluation of the PHS resistance and agronomic traits of 37 species of quinoa resources was conducted in Chengdu Plain. The evaluation used various methods, including grain germination rate (GR), grain germination index (GI), total spike germination rate (SR), total grain germination index (SI), grey correlation analysis (GCA), cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Results showed significant differences… More >

Baofeng Ji^1,2,3,*, Mingkun Zhang^1,2, Weixing Wang¹, Song Chen⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.3, pp. 2661-2673, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.028762

Abstract The improvement of the quality and efficiency of vehicle wireless network data transmission is always a key concern in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Routing transmission solved the limitation of transmission distance to a certain extent. Traditional routing algorithm cannot adapt to complex traffic environment, resulting in low transmission efficiency. In order to improve the transmission success rate and quality of vehicle network routing transmission, make the routing algorithm more suitable for complex traffic environment, and reduce transmission power consumption to improve energy efficiency, a comprehensive optimized routing transmission algorithm is proposed. Based on the routing transmission algorithm, an optimization… More >