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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Review on Auxetic Polymeric Materials: Synthetic Methodology, Characterization and their Applications

    NEETU TRIPATHI, DIBYENDU S. BAG*, MAYANK DWIVEDI

    Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.40, No.3-4, pp. 227-269, 2023, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2023.40.3-4.8

    Abstract Over the last three decades, there has been considerable interest in the captivating mechanical properties displayed by auxetic materials, highlighting the advantages stemming from their distinct negative Poisson's ratio. The negative Poisson's ratio observed in auxetic polymeric materials is a result of the distinctive geometries of their unit cells. These unit cells, encompassing structures such as chiral, re-entrant, and rotating rigid configurations, are carefully engineered to collectively generate the desired auxetic behaviour. This comprehensive review article explores the field of auxetic polymeric materials, offering a detailed exploration of their geometries, fabrication methods, mechanical properties, and characterisation. The diverse applications of… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Brief Review of Surface Modification of Carbonyl Iron Powders (CIPs) for Magnetorheological Fluid Applications

    THIRUMALAISAMY SURYAPRABHAA, CHUNGHYUN CHOIA, ZUBAIR AHMED CHANDIOB, LAWRENCE ROBERT MSALILWAB, TAEGWANG YUNC,*, JUN YOUNG CHEONGB,*, BYUNGIL HWANGA,*

    Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.40, No.3-4, pp. 191-204, 2023, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2023.40.3-4.5

    Abstract Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) is a smart fluid system that exhibits swift and reversible alterations in their rheological characteristics when exposed to an external magnetic field. MRFs are used for applications in various areas, including automotive systems, robotics, aerospace, and civil engineering. The performance of MRFs depends on the behavior of the dispersed magnetic particles, necessitating thoughtful consideration of particle traits to optimize fluid performance. Carbonyl Iron Powders (CIPs), high purity iron (>98%) reduced from penta carbonyl iron, are widely employed in MRFs due to their exceptional magnetic characteristics. Nevertheless, the innate surfaces of CIPs tend to conglomerate, leading to compromises… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Types and Sources of Microplastics; The Ubiquitous Environment Contaminant: A Review

    ARCHNA RANI

    Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.39, No.1-2, pp. 17-35, 2022, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2022.39.1-2.2

    Abstract Accumulation of Microplastics (MPs) in diverse ecosystems is a growing global problem of our time. These are entering into the environment directly (micro-sized plastics manufactured purposefully) and by degradation of plastic products. Due to a diverse range of polymers and additives used to manufacture plastic products, the MPs of different chemical compositions are abundant in the environment. A detailed literature survey revealed that MPs -environment interaction is largely governed by these chemicals and other intrinsic properties of MPs viz. shape, size, density, surface charge, etc. The current investigation primarily aims to review different chemical and physical factors of MPs that… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Mini Review on PEDOT:PSS as a Conducting Material in Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices Applications

    HYUNGSUB YOONa,*, HEEBO HAa, CHUNGHYEON CHOIa, TAE GWANG YUNb, BYUNGIL HWANGa

    Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.40, No.1-2, pp. 1-17, 2023, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2023.40.1-2.1

    Abstract Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), one of the conducting polymers, is widely used as a conducting material in various applications. PEDOT:PSS possesses high electrical conductivity, optical transparency in visible light range, good chemical and physical stability in ambient state, etc. Furthermore, PEDOT:PSS offers the advantages of flexibility and possibility of solution-based process, which makes it suitable for use in flexible electronic devices. In this mini review, the applications of PEDOT:PSS as a conductive parts in energy harvesting and storage technologies are discussed and summarized. More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Hydrodynamic Cavitation Enhanced SR-Aops Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water: A Review

    Xiufeng Zhu1,2, Jingying Wang1,*

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.20, No.4, pp. 671-692, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.045260

    Abstract

    SR-AOP (sulfate radical advanced oxidation process) is a novel water treatment method able to eliminate refractory organic pollutants. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a novel green technology, that can effectively produce strong oxidizing sulfate radicals. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research advancements in these fields and a critical discussion of the principal factors influencing HC-enhanced SR-AOP and the mechanisms of synergistic degradation. Furthermore, some insights into the industrial application of HC/PS are also provided. Current research shows that this technology is feasible at the laboratory stage, but its application on larger scales requires further understanding and exploration. In… More > Graphic Abstract

    Hydrodynamic Cavitation Enhanced SR-Aops Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water: A Review

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Review of Computing with Spiking Neural Networks

    Jiadong Wu, Yinan Wang*, Zhiwei Li*, Lun Lu, Qingjiang Li

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.3, pp. 2909-2939, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047240

    Abstract Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have led to landmark changes in many fields, but they still differ significantly from the mechanisms of real biological neural networks and face problems such as high computing costs, excessive computing power, and so on. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) provide a new approach combined with brain-like science to improve the computational energy efficiency, computational architecture, and biological credibility of current deep learning applications. In the early stage of development, its poor performance hindered the application of SNNs in real-world scenarios. In recent years, SNNs have made great progress in computational performance and practicability compared with the… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Survey and Prospect for Applying Knowledge Graph in Enterprise Risk Management

    Pengjun Li1, Qixin Zhao1, Yingmin Liu1, Chao Zhong1, Jinlong Wang1,*, Zhihan Lyu2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.3, pp. 3825-3865, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.046851

    Abstract Enterprise risk management holds significant importance in fostering sustainable growth of businesses and in serving as a critical element for regulatory bodies to uphold market order. Amidst the challenges posed by intricate and unpredictable risk factors, knowledge graph technology is effectively driving risk management, leveraging its ability to associate and infer knowledge from diverse sources. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the construction techniques of enterprise risk knowledge graphs and their prominent applications across various business scenarios. Firstly, employing bibliometric methods, the aim is to uncover the developmental trends and current research hotspots within the domain of enterprise risk knowledge… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Trends in Event Understanding and Caption Generation/Reconstruction in Dense Video: A Review

    Ekanayake Mudiyanselage Chulabhaya Lankanatha Ekanayake1,2, Abubakar Sulaiman Gezawa3,*, Yunqi Lei1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.3, pp. 2941-2965, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.046155

    Abstract Video description generates natural language sentences that describe the subject, verb, and objects of the targeted Video. The video description has been used to help visually impaired people to understand the content. It is also playing an essential role in devolving human-robot interaction. The dense video description is more difficult when compared with simple Video captioning because of the object’s interactions and event overlapping. Deep learning is changing the shape of computer vision (CV) technologies and natural language processing (NLP). There are hundreds of deep learning models, datasets, and evaluations that can improve the gaps in current research. This article… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Review on the Recent Trends of Image Steganography for VANET Applications

    Arshiya S. Ansari*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.3, pp. 2865-2892, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.045908

    Abstract Image steganography is a technique of concealing confidential information within an image without dramatically changing its outside look. Whereas vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), which enable vehicles to communicate with one another and with roadside infrastructure to enhance safety and traffic flow provide a range of value-added services, as they are an essential component of modern smart transportation systems. VANETs steganography has been suggested by many authors for secure, reliable message transfer between terminal/hope to terminal/hope and also to secure it from attack for privacy protection. This paper aims to determine whether using steganography is possible to improve data security… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Systematic Literature Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Spectral Image Classification in Agricultural Applications Using Aerial Photography

    Usman Khan1, Muhammad Khalid Khan1, Muhammad Ayub Latif1, Muhammad Naveed1,2,*, Muhammad Mansoor Alam2,3,4, Salman A. Khan1, Mazliham Mohd Su’ud2,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.3, pp. 2967-3000, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.045101

    Abstract Recently, there has been a notable surge of interest in scientific research regarding spectral images. The potential of these images to revolutionize the digital photography industry, like aerial photography through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), has captured considerable attention. One encouraging aspect is their combination with machine learning and deep learning algorithms, which have demonstrated remarkable outcomes in image classification. As a result of this powerful amalgamation, the adoption of spectral images has experienced exponential growth across various domains, with agriculture being one of the prominent beneficiaries. This paper presents an extensive survey encompassing multispectral and hyperspectral images, focusing on their… More >

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