Samar El-Mekkawi¹, Wafaa Abou-Elseoud², Shaimaa Fadel², Enas Hassan², Mohammad Hassan^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1573-1591, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.053589 - 25 September 2024

Abstract Recycling of paper sludge waste is crucial for establishing a sustainable green industry. This waste contains valuable sugars that can be converted into important chemicals such as ethanol, poly hydroxybutyrate, and lactic acid. However, the main challenge in obtaining sugars in high yield from paper sludge is the high crystallinity of cellulose, which hinders hydrolysis. To address this, pretreatment using phosphoric acid was optimized using response surface methodology to facilitate cellulose hydrolysis with minimal energy and chemicals. The created prediction model using the response surface method considered factors such as acid concentration (ranging from 60%… More > Graphic Abstract

Jawad Raza¹, F. Mebarek-Oudina^2,*, Haider Ali¹, I. E. Sarris³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.4, pp. 1017-1041, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.052749 - 30 August 2024

Abstract The current study is dedicated to presenting the Casson nanofluid over a stretching surface with activation energy. In order to make the problem more realistic, we employed magnetic field and slip effects on fluid flow. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by similarity variables and then solved numerically. The MATLAB built-in command ‘bvp4c’ is utilized to solve the system of ODEs. Central composite factorial design based response surface methodology (RSM) is also employed for optimization. For this, quadratic regression is used for data analysis. The results are concluded More > Graphic Abstract

Pirapat Arunyanart, Nithitorn Kongkaew, Supattarachai Sudsawat^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 3379-3403, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054337 - 15 August 2024

Abstract This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method (DEM) simulation, design of experiments (DOE), and metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Specifically, the study employs the firefly algorithm (FA), a metaheuristic optimization technique, to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions. The experimental methodology involves several key steps: screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation, central composite design (CCD) experiments to further explore these factors, and response surface methodology (RSM)… More >

Nabila Eka Yuningsih, Latifa Ariani, Suprapto Suprapto, Ita Ulfin, Harmami Harmami, Hendro Juwono, Yatim Lailun Ni’mah^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.5, pp. 981-992, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049109 - 17 July 2024

Abstract In this research, activated carbon from mangosteen peel has been synthesized using sulfuric acid as an activator. The adsorption performance of the activated carbon was optimized using malachite green dye as absorbate. Malachite green dye waste is a toxic and non-biodegradable material that damages the environment. Optimization of adsorption processes was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The synthesized activated carbon was characterized using FTIR and SEM instruments. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of a sulfonate group (-SOH) in the activated carbon, indicating that the activation process using… More >

Yatim Lailun Ni’mah¹, Afaf Baktir², Dewi Santosaningsih³, Suprapto Suprapto^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.2, pp. 245-258, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.045514 - 11 March 2024

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs. The protective layer formed by tartaric acid is an important factor that protects the silver surface and reduces potential cytotoxicity problems. These attributes are critical for assessing the compatibility of AgNPs with biological systems and making them suitable for drug delivery applications. The aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the effect of tartaric acid concentration, sonication time and temperature on the formation of… More > Graphic Abstract

Cut Rahmawati^1,2,*, Lia Handayani³, Muhtadin⁴, Muhammad Faisal⁴, Muhammad Zardi¹, S. M. Sapuan⁵, Agung Efriyo Hadi⁶, Jawad Ahmad⁷, Haytham F. Isleem⁸

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.10, pp. 3751-3767, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.028987 - 10 August 2023

Abstract Waste Glass (WGs) and Coir Fiber (CF) are not widely utilized, even though their silica and cellulose content can be used to create construction materials. This study aimed to optimize mortar compressive strength using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to determine the optimization of WGs and CF addition to the mortar compressive strength. Compressive strength and microstructure testing with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were conducted to specify the mechanical ability and bonding between the matrix, CF, and WGs. The results showed… More > Graphic Abstract

Yueqiang Yu^1,3, Minzheng Jiang^1,*, Sheng Gao^1,*, Ting Jiang¹, Bakary S. Doumbia², Bo Yan¹, Tingang Ma¹, Kexin Ren¹, Yinsong Liu¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.9, pp. 3583-3593, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.030725 - 20 July 2023

Abstract High-quality wood products and valuable wood crafts receive everyone’s favor with the rapid development of the economy. In order to improve the cutting surface quality of wood forming parts, the cutting experiment of renewable Fraxinus mandshurica was conducted by waterjet-assisted CO₂ laser (WACL) technology. A quadratic mathematical model for describing the relationship between surface roughness changes and cutting parameters was established. The effects of cutting speed, flow pressure and laser power on the kerf surface roughness of Fraxinus mandshurica when cutting transversally were discussed by response surface method. The experimental results showed that kerf surface roughness decreased… More >

Xi Wang¹, Shan Qing^1,*, Zhumei Luo^1,*, Yiqin Liu^1,2, Zichang Shi¹, Jiachen Li¹

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.9, pp. 2399-2416, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.028024 - 16 May 2023

Abstract Propylene glycol-based MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) nanofluids were prepared in the framework of a two-step method and by using a suitable PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) dispersant. The BBD (Box-Behnken design) model was exploited to analyze 17 sets of experiments and examine the sensitivity of the absorbance to three parameters, namely the concentration of MWCNT, the SN ratio (mass ratio of carbon nanotubes to surfactants) and the sonication time. The results have revealed that, while the SN ratio and concentration of MWCNT have a strong effect on the absorbance, the influence of the sonication time is less… More >

Yatim Lailun Ni’mah^*, Nabila Eka Yuningsih, Suprapto Suprapto

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.6, pp. 2913-2924, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025431 - 27 April 2023

Abstract The adsorption of Pb(II) on silica gel synthesized from chemical glass bottle waste has been studied. The effect of independent variables (adsorbent dose, initial concentration of Pb(II), contact time, and pH) on the Pb(II) removal from water was evaluated and optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Under optimized conditions (adsorbent dose: 20 mg; contact time: 30 min; initial Pb(II) concentration: 120 mg. L⁻¹ ; and pH: 8), the removal of Pb(II) was 99.77%. The adsorption equilibrium data obtained from the batch experiment were investigated using different isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model fits the experimental More >

Wankui Ni¹, Jiaxin Zhong^1,2, Haiman Wang^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1699-1814, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023805 - 01 December 2022

Abstract Fiber-reinforced soils have been of great interest to experimenters for building foundations’strength performance, time, and economy. This paper investigates the effects of water content and polypropylene fiber dosage and length on loess’s unconfined compressive strength (UCS) according to the central composite response surface design test procedure. The water content is 11%–25%, the mass ratio of fiber to soil is 0.1%–0.9%, and the fiber length ranges from 6–18 mm. The response surface method (RSM) developed full quadratic models of different variables with response values. After analysis of variance (ANOVA), the mathematical model developed in this study More > Graphic Abstract