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    REVIEW

    ER exit pathways and the control of proteostasis: Crucial role of the UPR, COPII, and ER-phagy in the secretory pathway

    GIUSEPPINA AMODIO1, VALENTINA PAGLIARA1, PAOLO REMONDELLI1,*, ORNELLA MOLTEDO2

    BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.5, pp. 1131-1137, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.018638

    Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of entry of all proteins that function in the secretory pathway including the extracellular environment. Because it controls the folding of newly synthesized secretory proteins, the ER is indispensable for the maintenance of proteostasis in the secretory pathway. Within the ER and, in part, in post-ER compartments, the quality control of protein folding is under the regulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. The UPR strategy is to enhance protein folding, increase the ER degradation pathway of misfolded proteins, and allow the exit from the ER of only correctly folded proteins. The… More >

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