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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Improvement in the Performance of the Polylactic Acid Composites by Using Deep Eutectic Solvent Treated Pulp Fiber

    Lei Tan, Liangxian Liu, Chaodong Liu, Weihong Wang*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.11, pp. 1897-1911, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016418

    Abstract As the most favorable alternative to petroleum-based polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) which is the most promising degradable polymer has attracted increasing attention. However, the addition of cellulose to improve its strength often results in a reduction in its toughness. In this work, microscale cellulose is first prepared from pulp fibers by using a deep eutectic solvent, and then is used as the reinforcement of PLA. A microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)/PLA sheet with uniform texture is obtained by the solution mixing, melt blending, hot-pressing and cold-pressing process. The effects of MCC on the crystallization, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the PLA… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effects of Selected Printing Parameters on the Fire Properties of 3D-Printed Neat Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Wood/PLA Composites

    Nataša Knez1, Mirko Kariž2, Friderik Knez1, Nadir Ayrilmis3,*, Manja Kitek Kuzman2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.11, pp. 1883-1895, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016128

    Abstract The effects of selected printing parameters on the fire properties of additively produced composites from neat polylactic acid (PLA) and wood/PLA filaments were investigated. The reaction to fire of the 3D-printed specimens was tested according to the ISO 5660-1 cone calorimeter test method. The results showed that the properties of the specimens when exposed to fire were significantly affected by the incorporation of wood flour into the PLA filament. It was also interesting that PLA specimens had much better reactions to fire than the wood/PLA specimens. Time to ignition was found to be much longer in the 3D-printed PLA specimens.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Polylactic Acid Micro/Nanofibers under Different Solvent Conditions

    Hao Dou1,2,*, Hongxia Liu1,2, Feng Wang1,2, Yanli Sun1,2

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.17, No.3, pp. 629-638, 2021, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2021.015612

    Abstract Electrospinning is a versatile and popular method for the fabrication of ultrafine fibers and many parameters in electrospinning can be adjusted when ideal micro/nanofibers are required. In particular, the selection of a proper solvent condition is a fundamental and crucial step to produce electrospun ultrafine fibers. In this study, a commonly used biomaterial, polylactic acid (PLA), was dissolved in 7 different solvents and PLA micro/nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The morphology, porosity, mechanical property and static contact angle were characterized to determine the quality of the obtained product. The results show that different solvent conditions have a significant effect on… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Application of Cellulose Nanocrystals Modified with Succinic Anhydride under the Microwave Irradiation for Preparation of Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites

    Ewa Szefer*, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Edyta Hebda, Krzysztof Pielichowski

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.6, pp. 1127-1142, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.014584

    Abstract The aim of this work was to use cellulose nanocrystals that were obtained by hydrolysis in phosphoric acid solution and further modified with succinic anhydride in the microwave field for PLA reinforcement. A series of all-bionanocomposites containing unmodified and surface modified cellulose nanocrystals with CNC content in the range of 1–3 %w.t. were obtained by melt blending and tested by XRD, SEM, DSC and DMA to investigate the effect of surface esterification of CNCs on the structure, morphology, dynamic mechanical properties of bionanocomposites, as well as phase transitions of PLA in the presence of cellulosic nanofiller. DMA investigations showed the… More > Graphic Abstract

    The Application of Cellulose Nanocrystals Modified with Succinic Anhydride under the Microwave Irradiation for Preparation of Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    3D Printing of Polylactic Acid Bioplastic–Carbon Fibres and Twisted Kevlar Composites Through Coextrusion Using Fused Deposition Modeling

    J. Y. Tey*, W. H. Yeo, Y. J. King, W. O. Ding

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.12, pp. 1671-1680, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.011870

    Abstract Polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic is a common material used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. It is biodegradable and environmentally friendly biopolymer which made out of corn. However, it exhibits weak mechanical properties which reduced its usability as a functional prototype in a real-world application. In the present study, two PLA composites are created through coextruded with 3K carbon fibres and twisted Kevlar string (as core fibre) to form a fibre reinforced parts (FRP). The mechanical strength of printed parts was examined using ASTM D638 standard with a strain rate of 1 mm/min. It has been demonstrated that the… More >

  • Open Access

    ABSTRACT

    Fracture Toughness of Carbon Nanofiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid at Room and Elevated Temperatures

    Y. Shimamura1, Y. Shibata2, K. Tohgo3, H. Araki4

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.6, No.3, pp. 189-194, 2008, DOI:10.3970/icces.2008.006.189

    Abstract Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable plastic made from lactic acid, and can be produced by renewable raw materials. The mechanical properties of PLA are, however, not sufficient for structural materials. In our study, carbon nanofiber reinforced PLA was fabricated to overcome the deficiency of PLA and the mechanical properties were measured at room and elevated temperatures. Vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) was used for reinforcement. Three point bending specimens were fabricated by using injection molding, and then bending stiffness, bending strength and fracture toughness were measured for amorphous and crystallized specimens. As a result, it is shown that the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Effect of the Process on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid-Date Palm Leaf Fibers Composite Films Produced By Extrusion Blowing

    Fatma Kharrat1, Rania Chaari1, Mohamed Khlif1, Loic Hilliou2, José A. Covas2, Mohamed Haboussi3,*, Hedi Nouri1, Chedly Bradai1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.9, pp. 891-901, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.06827

    Abstract Biocomposite films prepared with melt compounding and film blowing have become a new trend in plastic research to deliver more eco-friendly packages. Polylactic acid (PLA) was melt compounded with minimally processed date palm leaf fiber (DPLF) and converted into films by blown film extrusion. The compounding was done in order to enhance the film mechanical properties in one hand, and to decrease the film production cost in the other hand. In this present study, a reference PLA film and films with 1%, 2%, and 5% of DPLF (weight %) were produced with different process parameters. The spatial variations in films… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Biocomposite Films of Polylactic Acid Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers

    Galia Moreno, Karla Ramirez, Marianelly Esquivel, Guillermo Jimenez*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 9-20, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.00017

    Abstract Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite films reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) were prepared by a solution casting procedure. In an attempt to improve the interaction between PLA and cellulose, two approaches were adopted; first, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a surfactant, and second, the cellulosic fibers were pre-treated using tert-butanol (TBA). Lignocellulosic and cellulosic substrates were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA). MCC from PALF showed good thermal stability, left few residues after decomposing, and exhibited high crystallinity index. Mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties of the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Sustainable Materials Based on Cellulose from Food Sector Agro-Wastes

    T. Côto1, I. Moura1, A. de Sá1,*, C. Vilarinho2, A. V. Machado1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.7, pp. 688-696, 2018, DOI:10.32604/JRM.2018.00006

    Abstract Biopolymers exhibit unique properties and can be produced from plants’ and crops’ wastes. Cellulose has been used for the production of sustainable materials, nevertheless due to the difficulty inherent to its extraction, several methods have been studied in order to optimize the process. Therefore, this paper reports the extraction of natural polymers from food sector agro-food wastes, including cellulose, following a green chemistry aproach. The cellulose extracted from pumpkin peel was acetylated and dispersed in a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The developed materials were characterized in terms of their structure, morphology and thermal stability. The results demonstrated the efficient chemical… More >

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