Boda Zhang^1,*, Fuhua Luo¹, Yunhao Yu¹, Chameiling Di¹, Ruibin Wen¹, Fei Chen²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069323 - 27 January 2026

Abstract The increasing intelligence of power systems is transforming distribution networks into Cyber-Physical Distribution Systems (CPDS). While enabling advanced functionalities, the tight interdependence between cyber and physical layers introduces significant security challenges and amplifies operational risks. To address these critical issues, this paper proposes a comprehensive risk assessment framework that explicitly incorporates the physical dependence of information systems. A Bayesian attack graph is employed to quantitatively evaluate the likelihood of successful cyber attacks. By analyzing the critical scenario of fault current path misjudgment, we define novel system-level and node-level risk coupling indices to precisely measure the… More >

Li Wang¹, Xuesong Xing¹, Yanan Hou¹, Heng Wen¹, Ying Zhu¹, Jingyu Zi¹, Qingwei Zeng^2,3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068653 - 27 January 2026

Abstract The deep coal reservoir in Linxing-Shenfu block of Ordos Basin is an important part of China’s coalbed methane resources. In the process of reservoir reconstruction, the artificial fracture morphology of coal seam with gangue interaction is significantly different, which affects the efficient development of coalbed methane resources in this area. In this paper, the surface outcrop of Linxing-Shenfu block is selected, and three kinds of interaction modes between gangue and coal seam are set up, including single-component coal rock sample, coal rock sample with different thicknesses of gangue layer and coal rock sample with different… More >

Jian Wang, Hui Qi, Lingyi Ji^*, Zhengya Tang, Hui Qian

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4635-4651, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068667 - 27 October 2025

Abstract This paper proposes a cost-optimal energy management strategy for reconfigurable distribution networks with high penetration of renewable generation. The proposed strategy accounts for renewable generation costs, maintenance and operating expenses of energy storage systems, diesel generator operational costs, typical daily load profiles, and power balance constraints. A penalty term for power backflow is incorporated into the objective function to discourage undesirable reverse flows. The Bald Eagle Search (BES) meta-heuristic is adopted to solve the resulting constrained optimization problem. Numerical simulations under multiple load scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces operating cost while preventing More >

Yezhi Qin^*, Qinglin Chen^*, Ying Wang, Yingqiang Cai

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.2, pp. 1883-1906, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.066844 - 31 August 2025

Abstract The penetration of ogival-nosed projectiles into ship plates represents a complex impact dynamics issue essential for analyzing structural failure mechanisms. Although stiffened plates are vital in ship construction, few studies have addressed the issue of model equivalence under penetration loading. This study employs numerical simulation to validate an experiment with an ogival-nosed projectile penetrating a Q345 steel plate. Four equivalent stiffened plate methods are proposed based on the area, flexural modulus, moment of inertia, and thickness. The results indicate that thickness equivalence (DM4) is unsuitable for penetration-loaded stiffened plates, except under low-speed, non-penetrating through impacts, More >

Seo Yeon Shin¹, Nu Ri Song¹, Sa Rang Choi¹, Ki Min Kim¹, Jae Hee Byun¹, Su Jung Kim², Dai Hyun Jung², Seong Sim Kim², Seong Ju Park², So Jeong Chu², Kyung Mok Park^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.8, pp. 1435-1448, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065199 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Background: The efficient transdermal delivery of biologically active molecules remains a major challenge because of the structural barrier of the stratum corneum, which limits the penetration of large or hydrophilic molecules. Low-molecular-weight protamine (LMWP) has a structure similar to that of the HIV TAT protein-derived peptide and is a representative cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) used to increase cell permeability. However, protamine has been reported to have many toxicities and side effects. Objectives: We developed human-derived low-molecular-weight protamine (hLMWP), which is based on fish-derived LMWP but designed using human protein sequences to improve safety and functionality. As… More > Graphic Abstract

Xiaolong Xiao¹, Xiaoxing Lu^1,*, Ziran Guo¹, Jian Liu¹, Shenglong Wu², Ye Cai²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.8, pp. 3117-3132, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.065631 - 24 July 2025

Abstract With the popularization of microgrid construction and the connection of renewable energy sources to the power system, the problem of source and load uncertainty faced by the coordinated operation of multi-microgrid is becoming increasingly prominent, and the accuracy of typical scenario predictions is low. In order to improve the accuracy of scenario prediction under source and load uncertainty, this paper proposes a typical scenario identification model based on random forests and order parameters. Firstly, a method for ordinal parameter identification and quantification is provided for the coordinated operating mode of multi-microgrids, taking into account source-load… More >

Alexey Melkikh^1,2, Sergey Rutin², Dmitrii V. Antonov³, Pavel Skripov^2,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 721-737, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.066528 - 30 June 2025

Abstract The article considers a relaxation of the water/polypropylene glycol-425 solution with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) following its pulsed superheating concerning liquid-liquid and liquid-vapor equilibrium lines, as well as the liquid-liquid spinodal. Superheating was performed using the pulsed heat generation method in a micro-sized wire probe. The main heating mode was the constant (over the pulse length) power mode. Characteristic heating rates ranged from 0.05 × 10⁵ to 2 × 10⁵ K/s, while the degree of superheating concerning the spinodal was up to 200 K. The temperature of spontaneous boiling-up and the amplitude of the… More > Graphic Abstract

Stefan Ćirković¹, Vladimir Mladenović¹, Siniša Tomić², Dalibor Drljača², Olga Ristić^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.3, pp. 4409-4430, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.059696 - 06 March 2025

Abstract With the increasing use of web applications, challenges in the field of cybersecurity are becoming more complex. This paper explores the application of fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) for the automatic generation of synthetic attacks, including XSS (Cross-Site Scripting), SQL Injections, and Command Injections. A web application has been developed that allows penetration testers to quickly generate high-quality payloads without the need for in-depth knowledge of artificial intelligence. The fine-tuned language model demonstrates the capability to produce synthetic payloads that closely resemble real-world attacks. This approach not only improves the model’s precision and dependability but… More >

Yuan Li^1,3,*, Zhiqiang Fan^1,2, Tao Suo^1,3

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 1-2, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.013336

Abstract Light armored vehicles, as the primary means of force transport on contemporary battlefields, require not only high mobility but also better protection to meet the complex battlefield environment and mission requirements. Composite armor is widely used in the design of light armored vehicles due to its lightweight and excellent defensible performance. In this paper, the damage law of the composite armor of an infantry fighting vehicle, when penetrated by fragment-simulated projectiles (FSP), is studied by numerical simulation, and the homogeneous equivalent targets surrogating a combination of local protective armor and vulnerable parts are constructed based More >

Danial Jahed Armaghani^1,*, Zida Liu², Hadi Khabbaz¹, Hadi Fattahi³, Diyuan Li², Mohammad Afrazi⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.3, pp. 2421-2451, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.052210 - 31 October 2024

Abstract Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) are vital for tunnel and underground construction due to their high safety and efficiency. Accurately predicting TBM operational parameters based on the surrounding environment is crucial for planning schedules and managing costs. This study investigates the effectiveness of tree-based machine learning models, including Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Trees, Adaptive Boosting Machine, Gradient Boosting Machine, Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine, and CatBoost, in predicting the Penetration Rate (PR) of TBMs by considering rock mass and material characteristics. These techniques are able to provide a good relationship between input(s)… More >