PARISA SHIRI AGHBASH1,2,4, NIMA HEMMAT1, BEHZAD BARADARAN1,3, AHAD MOKHTARZADEH1, VAHDAT POORTAHMASEBI2,4, MAHIN AHANGAR OSKUEE2,4, HOSSEIN BANNAZADEH BAGHI1,2,4,*
Oncology Research, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 99-116, 2022, DOI:10.32604/or.2022.026776
- 12 January 2023
Abstract Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), including HPV-16 and HPV-18, is the main cause of malignancies, such as cervical cancer. Viral oncoproteins encoded by HPV are expressed in HPV-positive cancers and associated with the early cancer stages and the transformation of normal cells. The signaling pathways involved in the transformation of normal cells to cancerous form and the subsequently expressed programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of the transformed cells lead to a disruption in recognition of tumor cells by the immune cell system, including T lymphocytes and dendritic cells which lead to… More >
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