HAKIM MANGHWAR1,#,*, AMJAD HUSSAIN2,#
BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.3, pp. 623-632, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.017316
- 18 November 2021
Abstract Plants are recurrently exposed to myriads of biotic and abiotic stresses leading to several biochemical and physiological variations that cause severe impacts on plant growth and survival. To overcome these challenges, plants activate two primary defense mechanisms, such as structural response (cell wall strengthening and waxy epidermal cuticle development) and metabolic changes, including the synthesis of anti-microbial compounds and proteins, especially the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. PR proteins are members of a super large family of defense proteins that exhibit antimicrobial activities. Their over-expression in plants provides tolerance to many abiotic and biotic stresses. PR proteins… More >