Gizem Kaynar Beyaz^1,*, Ahmet Kirbas², Sevgi Kalkanli Tas¹

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.072368 - 23 January 2026

Abstract Peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains a significant global health issue, with current treatments primarily focused on relieving symptoms and addressing macrovascular issues. However, critical immunoinflammatory mechanisms are often overlooked. Recent evidence suggests that monocyte phenotypic plasticity plays a central role in PAD development, affecting atherogenesis, plaque progression, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and chronic ischemic remodeling. This narrative review aims to summarize the latest advances (2023–2025) in understanding monocyte diversity, functional states, and their changes throughout different stages of PAD. We discuss both established and emerging biomarkers, such as circulating monocyte subset proportions, functional assays, immune checkpoint expression, More >

Simon Burg¹, Audrey Laure Céline Grust^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068555 - 19 January 2026

Abstract Background: With a total of 1.46 million new cases and 396,792 deaths in 2022, prostate cancer is a major medical challenge around the world. Detecting and treating cancer at earlier, preferably localized stages can significantly increase survival rates. Here, a novel blood-based cancer screening as a pre-test in combination with targeted MRI imaging enabled the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Case Description: We present the case of a 64-year-old man who participated in a prospective, interventional, multicenter cancer screening study where an immunological biopsy-based technique served as a part of a novel screening technique. This immunology… More >

JIRUI WEN^1,#, WENCHAO WU^2,#, MIN TANG¹, MINGYUE BAO¹, XUELING HE³, XINGHONG YAO¹, LIANG LI^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.3, pp. 655-665, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.016915 - 18 November 2021

Abstract To dissect which subset of bone marrow monocyte is the major precursor of osteoclast, 3-month-old rat bone marrow was obtained for single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 6091 cells were acquired for detailed analysis, with a median number of 1206 genes detected per cell and 17,959 genes detected in total. A total of 19 cell clusters were recognized, with the main lineages identified as B cells, Granulocytes, Monocytes, T cells, Erythrocytes and Macrophages. Monocytes were further divided into classical monocytes and non-classical monocytes. Compared with non-classical monocytes, classical monocytes highly expressed osteoclast differentiation related genes… More >

XIANLIANG HOU^1,2,3,#, DONGE TANG^1,#, FENGPING ZHENG^1,#, MINGLIN OU³, YONG XU¹, HUIXUAN XU¹, XIAOPING HONG⁴, XINZHOU ZHANG¹, WEIER DAI⁵, DONGZHOU LIU^4,*, YONG DAI^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.44, No.4, pp. 559-582, 2020, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2020.011022 - 24 December 2020

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal cellular and humoral immune responses and excessive autoantibody production. The precise pathologic mechanism of SLE remains elusive. The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables unbiased analysis of the molecular differences of cell populations at the single-cell level. We used scRNA-seq to profile the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an SLE patient compared with a healthy control (HC). A total of 16,021 cells were analyzed and partitioned into 12 distinct clusters. The marker genes of each cluster and the four major… More >

Anargyros Kouris¹, Aikaterini Pistiki², Alexandros Katoulis¹, Marianna Georgitsi², Sofia Giatrakou¹, Evangelia Papadavid¹, Mihai G. Netea³, Nikolaos Stavrianeas¹, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis^2,3

European Cytokine Network, Vol.25, No.4, pp. 63-68, 2014, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2014.0358

Abstract Background: Psoriasis is one of the most common, immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Proinflammatory cytokines play an important pathogenetic role at a local level. Objective: To assess whether the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α are released systemically during psoriasis. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 30 patients with psoriasis and 30 healthy volunteers. Cytokine production was assessed in supernatants using an enzyme immunoassay after stimulation of PBMCs with microbial stimuli. In addition, flow cytometry was used to determine the subsets of monocytes involved and the intracellular TNF-α production in More >

Sylvie Ferrari-Lacraz¹, Mireille Sebbag^2,3,4, Rachel Chicheportiche¹, Céline Foulquier^3,4, Guy Serre^2,3,4,5, Jean-Michel Dayer⁶

European Cytokine Network, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 36-44, 2012, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2012.0303

Abstract Objective: The antigenic targets of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated autoantibodies to “citrullinated” proteins are generated following citrullination by a peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD). Of the five PAD isotypes, two – PAD2 and PAD4 – are expressed in RA synovial tissue. Within this tissue, the activation of macrophages and fibroblasts mediated by T-cell contact or driven by cytokines plays a prominent part in the pathogenesis. We wanted to determine whether cytokine stimulation and contact with T cells could play a role in PAD expression by peripheral blood monocytes and fibroblastic synoviocytes. Methods: Human monocytes and T lymphocytes… More >

Sonia Ben-Hadj-Khalifa^1,2, Philippe Nguyen^2,3, Touhami Mahjoub¹, Nathalie Hézard^2,3

European Cytokine Network, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 87-92, 2012, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2012.0315

Abstract Background: Monocytes and factor Xa (FXa) are procoagulant agents implicated in the physiopathological processes of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.Objective: we evaluated the anticoagulant effect of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 on an FXa-activated human monocyte (Hu-monocyte) procoagulant phenotype.Methods: Hu-monocytes were purified by elutriation and activated by FXa. The effect of IL-10 was assessed by means of a 2 h pre-incubation step with recombined human IL-10 (0.5 and 1 ng/mL). Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the effect of IL-10 on tissue factor (TF) mRNA and protein synthesis. A thrombin generation (TG) assay was used… More >

Benoit Massonnet^1,6,*, Sylvain Normand^1,*, Reinhard Moschitz¹, Adriana Delwail¹, Laure Favot¹, Martine Garcia¹, Nicolas Bourmeyster², Laurence Cuisset³, Gilles Grateau⁴, Franck Morel¹, Christine Silvain^1,5, Jean-Claude Lecron^1,6

European Cytokine Network, Vol.20, No.3, pp. 112-120, 2009, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2009.0162

Abstract Objective. The effects of statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase-HMGR-inhibitors) on the inflammatory response remain unclear. HMGR is implicated in the mevalonate path-way, directly upstream of cholesterol biosynthesis. We studied the impairment by this pathway of cytokine pro-duction by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 cells. The aim was to identify a specific cytokine “signature” of cells under simvastatin treatment in order to link pharmacological inhibition of the mevalonate pathway and inflammation. Methods. Normal human PBMCs and THP-1 cells were cultured with inhibitors of HMGR (simvastatin), geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTI-298), farnesyltransferase (FTI-277), and/or caspase-1 (Z-VAD(Ome)-FMK). Following culture,… More >