Ahmad Rahdari^1,6, Ahmad Jalili², Mehdi Esnaashari³, Mehdi Gheisari^1,4,7,8,*, Alisa A. Vorobeva⁵, Zhaoxi Fang¹, Panjun Sun^1,*, Viktoriia M. Korzhuk⁵, Ilya Popov⁵, Zongda Wu¹, Hamid Tahaei¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2511-2533, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052994

Abstract Software-Defined Networking (SDN) represents a significant paradigm shift in network architecture, separating network logic from the underlying forwarding devices to enhance flexibility and centralize deployment. Concurrently, the Internet of Things (IoT) connects numerous devices to the Internet, enabling autonomous interactions with minimal human intervention. However, implementing and managing an SDN-IoT system is inherently complex, particularly for those with limited resources, as the dynamic and distributed nature of IoT infrastructures creates security and privacy challenges during SDN integration. The findings of this study underscore the primary security and privacy challenges across application, control, and data planes.… More >

Hina Gul¹, Sana Ullah¹, Ki-Il Kim^2,*, Farman Ali³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 1831-1850, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052841

Abstract The seamless integration of intelligent Internet of Things devices with conventional wireless sensor networks has revolutionized data communication for different applications, such as remote health monitoring, industrial monitoring, transportation, and smart agriculture. Efficient and reliable data routing is one of the major challenges in the Internet of Things network due to the heterogeneity of nodes. This paper presents a traffic-aware, cluster-based, and energy-efficient routing protocol that employs traffic-aware and cluster-based techniques to improve the data delivery in such networks. The proposed protocol divides the network into clusters where optimal cluster heads are selected among super… More >

Abdulrahman Alzahrani^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2331-2349, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052804

Abstract The recent development of the Internet of Things (IoTs) resulted in the growth of IoT-based DDoS attacks. The detection of Botnet in IoT systems implements advanced cybersecurity measures to detect and reduce malevolent botnets in interconnected devices. Anomaly detection models evaluate transmission patterns, network traffic, and device behaviour to detect deviations from usual activities. Machine learning (ML) techniques detect patterns signalling botnet activity, namely sudden traffic increase, unusual command and control patterns, or irregular device behaviour. In addition, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and signature-based techniques are applied to recognize known malware signatures related to botnets.… More >

Dayong Wang^1,*, Kamalrulnizam Bin Abu Bakar¹, Babangida Isyaku²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2065-2080, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051944

Abstract The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has led to a significant increase in the computational task load of Terminal Devices (TDs). TDs reduce response latency and energy consumption with the support of task-offloading in Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC). However, existing task-offloading optimization methods typically assume that MEC’s computing resources are unlimited, and there is a lack of research on the optimization of task-offloading when MEC resources are exhausted. In addition, existing solutions only decide whether to accept the offloaded task request based on the single decision result of the current time slot,… More >

Nisreen Innab^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2237-2258, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049608

Abstract Internet of Health Things (IoHT) is a subset of Internet of Things (IoT) technology that includes interconnected medical devices and sensors used in medical and healthcare information systems. However, IoHT is susceptible to cybersecurity threats due to its reliance on low-power biomedical devices and the use of open wireless channels for communication. In this article, we intend to address this shortcoming, and as a result, we propose a new scheme called, the certificateless anonymous authentication (CAA) scheme. The proposed scheme is based on hyperelliptic curve cryptography (HECC), an enhanced variant of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)… More >

Sameer Qazi^1,*, Muhammad Bilal Kadri², Muhammad Naveed^1,*, Bilal A. Khawaja³, Sohaib Zia Khan⁴, Muhammad Mansoor Alam^5,6,7, Mazliham Mohd Su’ud⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 3289-3314, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048893

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic restrictions limited all social activities to curtail the spread of the virus. The foremost and most prime sector among those affected were schools, colleges, and universities. The education system of entire nations had shifted to online education during this time. Many shortcomings of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) were detected to support education in an online mode that spawned the research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools that are being developed by the research community to improve the effectiveness of LMSs. This paper presents a detailed survey of the different enhancements to LMSs, which… More >

Ahmed Khalid¹, Rana Asif Rehman¹, Byung-Seo Kim^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.1, pp. 61-103, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049981

Abstract Wireless Ad Hoc Networks consist of devices that are wirelessly connected. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), Internet of Things (IoT), and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are the main domains of wireless ad hoc network. Internet is used in wireless ad hoc network. Internet is based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) network where clients and servers interact with each other with the help of IP in a pre-defined environment. Internet fetches data from a fixed location. Data redundancy, mobility, and location dependency are the main issues of the IP network paradigm. All these… More >

Amal Al-Rasheed¹, Rahim Khan^2,3,*, Tahani Alsaed⁴, Mahwish Kundi^2,5, Mohamad Hanif Md. Saad⁶, Mahidur R. Sarker^7,8

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.1, pp. 1305-1323, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049215

Abstract Due to the overwhelming characteristics of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its adoption in approximately every aspect of our lives, the concept of individual devices’ privacy has gained prominent attention from both customers, i.e., people, and industries as wearable devices collect sensitive information about patients (both admitted and outdoor) in smart healthcare infrastructures. In addition to privacy, outliers or noise are among the crucial issues, which are directly correlated with IoT infrastructures, as most member devices are resource-limited and could generate or transmit false data that is required to be refined before processing, i.e.,… More >

Tahir Abbas^1,*, Ali Haider Khan², Khadija Kanwal³, Ali Daud^4,*, Muhammad Irfan⁵, Amal Bukhari⁶, Riad Alharbey⁶

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.4, pp. 871-895, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2024.049026

Abstract The integration of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and the Internet of Things (IoT), which has revolutionized patient care through features like remote critical care and real-time therapy, is examined in this study in response to the changing healthcare landscape. Even with these improvements, security threats are associated with the increased connectivity of medical equipment, which calls for a thorough assessment. With a primary focus on addressing security and performance enhancement challenges, the research classifies current IoT communication devices, examines their applications in IoMT, and investigates important aspects of IoMT devices in healthcare. The More >

Asad Raza^1,*, Shahzad Memon¹, Muhammad Ali Nizamani¹, Mahmood Hussain Shah²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.39, No.3, pp. 545-566, 2024, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2024.051779

Abstract Smart Industrial environments use the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for their routine operations and transform their industrial operations with intelligent and driven approaches. However, IIoT devices are vulnerable to cyber threats and exploits due to their connectivity with the internet. Traditional signature-based IDS are effective in detecting known attacks, but they are unable to detect unknown emerging attacks. Therefore, there is the need for an IDS which can learn from data and detect new threats. Ensemble Machine Learning (ML) and individual Deep Learning (DL) based IDS have been developed, and these individual models achieved… More >