Kamila Mozga¹, Olga Synowiecka¹, Igor Rydzyk¹, Anna Marek¹, Ewelina Wieczorek¹, Alicja Petniak^2,*, Paulina Gil-Kulik²

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070505 - 19 January 2026

Abstract Objectives: Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a key treatment for melanoma. However, the increasing number of cases of melanoma resistant to immunotherapy highlights the need to develop methods to overcome this resistance. This study aims to collect the most recent information on melanoma immunotherapy, discuss potential strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy, and identify areas that require further analysis. Methods: To achieve this goal, scientific publications from 2021–2024 available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were analyzed. The databases were searched using the following terms: “melanoma”, “immunotherapy”, “Immune Checkpoint Blockade”, and More >

WENFEI GE^1,#, SHIYAN SONG^1,#, XIAOCHEN QI^1,#, FENG CHEN^1,#, XIANGYU CHE¹, YONGHAO SUN¹, JIN WANG¹, XIAOWEI LI², NANA LIU³, QIFEI WANG^1,*, GUANGZHEN WU^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 255-270, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.027942 - 22 May 2023

Abstract As a common tumor of the urinary system, the morbidity and mortality related to renal carcinoma, are increasing annually. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, accounting for approximately 75% of the total number of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Currently, the clinical treatment of ccRCC involves targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and a combination of the two. In immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 blocking of activated T cells to kill cancer cells is the most common treatment. However, as treatment progresses, some patients gradually develop resistance to immunotherapy. Meanwhile, other patients More > Graphic Abstract

Xiaolin Miao^*1, Yiqi Chen^*1, Ke Hao^†1, Meiqin Zheng^‡, Bingyu Chen^†, Kaiqiang Li^†, Ying Wang^†, Wei Zhang^§, Yu Zhang^§, Xiaozhou Mou^§, Shanshan Jiang^¶, Zhen Wang^‡§

Oncology Research, Vol.26, No.2, pp. 173-182, 2018, DOI:10.3727/096504017X14841698396865

Abstract Glioblastoma is a lethal disease featuring a high proliferation of tumor cells, excessive angiogenesis, and heavy drug resistance. The overall survival of glioblastoma patients has been dismal, even with an intensive standard of care. Recent advances in immune checkpoint blockades are changing the treatment of cancers. However, the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades in glioblastoma is still unclear. Here we investigated the roles of CD103⁺ cells in regulating the effect of immune checkpoint blockades in glioblastoma mouse models. Our findings indicated that the murine glioblastoma model was not sensitive to immune checkpoint blockades. Flt3L, a growth More >

Xuyang Wen^*, Xiaoping He^†, Feng Jiao^‡, Chunhui Wang^§, Yang Sun^‡, Xuequn Ren^¶, Qianwen Li^*

Oncology Research, Vol.25, No.4, pp. 629-640, 2017, DOI:10.3727/096504016X14768383625385

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the main causes of cancer death. The tumor microenvironment has a profound effect on inducing tumor growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Fibroblast activation protein-a (FAP) is a protein that is usually expressed in fibroblasts, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are major components of the tumor microenvironment. However, the role of FAP in GC progression and treatment is still unknown. In this study, we explored these problems based on GC patient samples and experimental models. We found that high FAP expression was an independent prognosticator of poor survival in GC patients. More >