Yuanjing Luo, Xichen Tan, Zhiping Cai^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 133-160, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.055150 - 15 October 2024

Abstract In the era of internet proliferation, safeguarding digital media copyright and integrity, especially for images, is imperative. Digital watermarking stands out as a pivotal solution for image security. With the advent of deep learning, watermarking has seen significant advancements. Our review focuses on the innovative deep watermarking approaches that employ neural networks to identify robust embedding spaces, resilient to various attacks. These methods, characterized by a streamlined encoder-decoder architecture, have shown enhanced performance through the incorporation of novel training modules. This article offers an in-depth analysis of deep watermarking’s core technologies, current status, and prospective More >

Jialun Lin¹, Qiong Chen^1,2,3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.2, pp. 1549-1561, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029631 - 17 November 2023

Abstract Watermarks can provide reliable and secure copyright protection for optical coherence tomography (OCT) fundus images. The effective image segmentation is helpful for promoting OCT image watermarking. However, OCT images have a large amount of low-quality data, which seriously affects the performance of segmentation methods. Therefore, this paper proposes an effective segmentation method for OCT fundus image watermarking using a rough convolutional neural network (RCNN). First, the rough-set-based feature discretization module is designed to preprocess the input data. Second, a dual attention mechanism for feature channels and spatial regions in the CNN is added to enable… More >

Baowei Wang^1,*, Luyao Shen², Junhao Zhang², Zenghui Xu², Neng Wang²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 1183-1207, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040307 - 31 October 2023

Abstract Digital watermarking technology is adequate for copyright protection and content authentication. There needs to be more research on the watermarking algorithm after printing and scanning. Aiming at the problem that existing anti-print scanning text image watermarking algorithms cannot take into account the invisibility and robustness of the watermark, an anti-print scanning watermarking algorithm suitable for text images is proposed. This algorithm first performs a series of image enhancement preprocessing operations on the printed scanned image to eliminate the interference of incorrect bit information on watermark embedding and then uses a combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform More >

Kali Gurkahraman^1,*, Rukiye Karakis², Hidayet Takci¹

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 55-77, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.037798 - 26 May 2023

Abstract This study aimed to deal with three challenges: robustness, imperceptibility, and capacity in the image watermarking field. To reach a high capacity, a novel similarity-based edge detection algorithm was developed that finds more edge points than traditional techniques. The colored watermark image was created by inserting a randomly generated message on the edge points detected by this algorithm. To ensure robustness and imperceptibility, watermark and cover images were combined in the high-frequency subbands using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition. In the watermarking stage, the watermark image was weighted by the adaptive scaling factor More >

Walid El-Shafai^1,2,*, Fatma Khallaf^2,3, El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie², Fathi E. Abd El-Samie², Iman Almomani^1,4

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.3, pp. 3599-3618, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.037655 - 03 April 2023

Abstract This paper presents a robust multi-stage security solution based on fusion, encryption, and watermarking processes to transmit color healthcare images, efficiently. The presented solution depends on the features of discrete cosine transform (DCT), lifting wavelet transform (LWT), and singular value decomposition (SVD). The primary objective of this proposed solution is to ensure robustness for the color medical watermarked images against transmission attacks. During watermark embedding, the host color medical image is transformed into four sub-bands by employing three stages of LWT. The resulting low-frequency sub-band is then transformed by employing three stages of DCT followed… More >

Sachin Sharma^1,*, Meena Malik², Chander Prabha³, Amal Al-Rasheed⁴, Mona Alduailij⁴, Sultan Almakdi⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 393-407, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033536 - 06 February 2023

Abstract Watermarking of digital images is required in diversified applications ranging from medical imaging to commercial images used over the web. Usually, the copyright information is embossed over the image in the form of a logo at the corner or diagonal text in the background. However, this form of visible watermarking is not suitable for a large class of applications. In all such cases, a hidden watermark is embedded inside the original image as proof of ownership. A large number of techniques and algorithms are proposed by researchers for invisible watermarking. In this paper, we focus… More >

Reena Thomas^1,*, M. Sucharitha²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 879-889, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.024070 - 08 February 2022

Abstract The major intention of this work is to introduce a novel hybrid image watermarking technique for RGB color images. This hybrid watermarking algorithm uses two transforms such as Contourlet and Gould transform. The Contourlet transform is used as first stage while the Gould transform is used as second stage. In the watermark embedding phase, the R, G and B channels are transformed using Contourlet transform. The bandpass directional sub band coefficients of Contourlet transformed image are then divided into sub-blocks. The sub-blocks are then transformed using Gould transform and the watermark information is embedded on More >

Hesham Alhumyani^1,*, Ibrahim Alrube¹, Sameer Alsharif¹, Ashraf Afifi¹, Chokri Ben Amar¹, Hala S. El-Sayed², Osama S. Faragallah³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 4657-4673, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020338 - 11 October 2021

Abstract The rapid development in the information technology field has introduced digital watermark technologies as a solution to prevent unauthorized copying and redistribution of data. This article introduces a self-embedded image verification and integrity scheme. The images are firstly split into dedicated segments of the same block sizes. Then, different Analytic Beta-Wavelet (ABW) orthogonal filters are utilized for embedding a self-segment watermark for image segment using a predefined method. ABW orthogonal filter coefficients are estimated to improve image reconstruction under different block sizes. We conduct a comparative study comparing the watermarked images using three kinds of More >

Ahmed S. Salama^1,2,3, Mohamed Amr Mokhtar³, Mazhar B. Tayel³, Esraa Eldesouky^4,6, Ahmed Ali^5,6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 431-446, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016165 - 22 March 2021

Abstract Assuring medical images protection and robustness is a compulsory necessity nowadays. In this paper, a novel technique is proposed that fuses the wavelet-induced multi-resolution decomposition of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with the energy compaction of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DCT). The multi-level Encryption-based Hybrid Fusion Technique (EbhFT) aims to achieve great advances in terms of imperceptibility and security of medical images. A DWT disintegrated sub-band of a cover image is reformed simultaneously using the DCT transform. Afterwards, a 64-bit hex key is employed to encrypt the host image as well as participate in the… More >

N. Jayashree^1,*, R. S. Bhuvaneswaran¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.58, No.1, pp. 263-285, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.03924

Abstract Watermarking is a widely used solution to the problems of authentication and copyright protection of digital media especially for images, videos, and audio data. Chaos is one of the emerging techniques adopted in image watermarking schemes due to its intrinsic cryptographic properties. This paper proposes a new chaotic hybrid watermarking method combining Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Z-transform (ZT) and Bidiagonal Singular Value Decomposition (BSVD). The original image is decomposed into 3-level DWT, and then, ZT is applied on the HH3 and HL3 sub-bands. The watermark image is encrypted using Arnold Cat Map. BSVD for the More >