Xinwei Zhu, Jianxun Zhang^*, Huan Zeng

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-25, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068578 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Underwater images often affect the effectiveness of underwater visual tasks due to problems such as light scattering, color distortion, and detail blurring, limiting their application performance. Existing underwater image enhancement methods, although they can improve the image quality to some extent, often lead to problems such as detail loss and edge blurring. To address these problems, we propose FENet, an efficient underwater image enhancement method. FENet first obtains three different scales of images by image downsampling and then transforms them into the frequency domain to extract the low-frequency and high-frequency spectra, respectively. Then, a distance… More >

Hongji Chen, Jianxun Zhang^*, Tianze Yu, Yingzhu Zeng, Huan Zeng

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-20, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067041 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Low-light image enhancement aims to improve the visibility of severely degraded images captured under insufficient illumination, alleviating the adverse effects of illumination degradation on image quality. Traditional Retinex-based approaches, inspired by human visual perception of brightness and color, decompose an image into illumination and reflectance components to restore fine details. However, their limited capacity for handling noise and complex lighting conditions often leads to distortions and artifacts in the enhanced results, particularly under extreme low-light scenarios. Although deep learning methods built upon Retinex theory have recently advanced the field, most still suffer from insufficient interpretability… More >

Zhongliang Wei^1,*, Jianlong An¹, Chang Su²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-20, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069335 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Images taken in dim environments frequently exhibit issues like insufficient brightness, noise, color shifts, and loss of detail. These problems pose significant challenges to dark image enhancement tasks. Current approaches, while effective in global illumination modeling, often struggle to simultaneously suppress noise and preserve structural details, especially under heterogeneous lighting. Furthermore, misalignment between luminance and color channels introduces additional challenges to accurate enhancement. In response to the aforementioned difficulties, we introduce a single-stage framework, M2ATNet, using the multi-scale multi-attention and Transformer architecture. First, to address the problems of texture blurring and residual noise, we design… More >

Jianhua Yang^*, Zhiwei Lv, Changling Huo

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-18, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068442 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Aiming at the scale adaptation of automatic driving target detection algorithms in low illumination environments and the shortcomings in target occlusion processing, this paper proposes a YOLO-LKSDS automatic driving detection model. Firstly, the Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalisation (CLAHE) image enhancement algorithm is improved to increase the image contrast and enhance the detailed features of the target; then, on the basis of the YOLOv5 model, the Kmeans++ clustering algorithm is introduced to obtain a suitable anchor frame, and SPPELAN spatial pyramid pooling is improved to enhance the accuracy and robustness of the model for multi-scale target… More >

Ming Chen^1,*, Yanfei Niu², Ping Qi¹, Fucheng Wang¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 5015-5035, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067951 - 23 October 2025

Abstract This research addresses the critical challenge of enhancing satellite images captured under low-light conditions, which suffer from severely degraded quality, including a lack of detail, poor contrast, and low usability. Overcoming this limitation is essential for maximizing the value of satellite imagery in downstream computer vision tasks (e.g., spacecraft on-orbit connection, spacecraft surface repair, space debris capture) that rely on clear visual information. Our key novelty lies in an unsupervised generative adversarial network featuring two main contributions: (1) an improved U-Net (IU-Net) generator with multi-scale feature fusion in the contracting path for richer semantic feature… More >

Qin Qin¹, Xuan Jiang^1,*, Jinhua Jiang¹, Dongfang Zhao¹, Zimei Tu¹, Zhiwei Shen²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 4849-4867, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067919 - 23 October 2025

Abstract The effectiveness of industrial character recognition on cast steel is often compromised by factors such as corrosion, surface defects, and low contrast, which hinder the extraction of reliable visual information. The problem is further compounded by the scarcity of large-scale annotated datasets and complex noise patterns in real-world factory environments. This makes conventional OCR techniques and standard deep learning models unreliable. To address these limitations, this study proposes a unified framework that integrates adaptive image preprocessing with collaborative reasoning among LLMs. A Biorthogonal 4.4 (bior4.4) wavelet transform is adaptively tuned using DE to enhance character… More >

Bingcai Wei¹, Hui Liu^1,*, Chuang Qian², Haoliang Shen³, Yibiao Chen³, Yixin Wang³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5095-5109, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065812 - 30 July 2025

Abstract Within the domain of low-level vision, enhancing low-light images and removing sand-dust from single images are both critical tasks. These challenges are particularly pronounced in real-world applications such as autonomous driving, surveillance systems, and remote sensing, where adverse lighting and environmental conditions often degrade image quality. Various neural network models, including MLPs, CNNs, GANs, and Transformers, have been proposed to tackle these challenges, with the Vision KAN models showing particular promise. However, existing models, including the Vision KAN models use deterministic neural networks that do not address the uncertainties inherent in these processes. To overcome… More >

Shitharth Selvarajan^1,2,3,*, Hariprasath Manoharan⁴, Taher Al-Shehari⁵, Nasser A Alsadhan⁶, Subhav Singh^7,8

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3541-3557, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064394 - 03 July 2025

Abstract This research investigates the application of digital images in military contexts by utilizing analytical equations to augment human visual capabilities. A comparable filter is used to improve the visual quality of the photographs by reducing truncations in the existing images. Furthermore, the collected images undergo processing using histogram gradients and a flexible threshold value that may be adjusted in specific situations. Thus, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of overlapping circumstances in collective picture characteristics by substituting grey-scale photos with colorized factors. The proposed method offers additional robust feature representations by imposing a limiting More >

Wencheng Wang^1,2,*, Baoxin Yin^1,2, Lei Li^2,*, Lun Li¹, Hongtao Liu¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.2, pp. 1595-1616, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.063595 - 30 May 2025

Abstract In low-light environments, captured images often exhibit issues such as insufficient clarity and detail loss, which significantly degrade the accuracy of subsequent target recognition tasks. To tackle these challenges, this study presents a novel low-light image enhancement algorithm that leverages virtual hazy image generation through dehazing models based on statistical analysis. The proposed algorithm initiates the enhancement process by transforming the low-light image into a virtual hazy image, followed by image segmentation using a quadtree method. To improve the accuracy and robustness of atmospheric light estimation, the algorithm incorporates a genetic algorithm to optimize the… More >

Song Qian, Guzailinuer Yiming, Ping Li, Junfei Yang, Yan Xue, Shuping Zhang^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.3, pp. 4069-4091, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.059931 - 06 March 2025

Abstract Infrared and visible light image fusion technology integrates feature information from two different modalities into a fused image to obtain more comprehensive information. However, in low-light scenarios, the illumination degradation of visible light images makes it difficult for existing fusion methods to extract texture detail information from the scene. At this time, relying solely on the target saliency information provided by infrared images is far from sufficient. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a lightweight infrared and visible light image fusion method based on low-light enhancement, named LLE-Fuse. The method is based on the… More >