XIAN ZHANG1, ZHUANG ZHOU2, JUNZHE WANG1, MENGMENG HAN1, HAN LIU1, MEIRONG ZANG1, JIANNING LIU1, JIAPEI LU1, JINQIAO ZHANG1, GUOCHUAN ZHANG2,*, LIXIA SUN1,#,*
BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.2, pp. 303-311, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.046640
- 23 February 2024
Abstract Background: Prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients with extramedullary disease (EMD) remains poor. T cell dysfunction and an immunosuppressive environment have been reported in the bone marrow (BM) of MM patients. However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment and immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) on CD8 T cells in the EMD tissue of newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients have not been thoroughly studied. Methods: We investigated the expression levels of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-domain-containing-3 (TIM-3) and T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) on CD8 T cells and the expression of their ligands (Galectin-9 and CD155) on myeloma cells in… More >
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