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Search Results (29)
  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    New insight into the role of exosomes in idiopathic membrane nephropathy

    JIANHONG LIU1,#, KAI HE2,#, HAN WANG3,#, XIAOHONG CHENG1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 21-32, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.045631

    Abstract Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the invagination of the endosomal membrane, are secreted by a majority of cell types. As carriers of DNA, mRNA, proteins, and microRNAs, exosomes are implicated in regulating biological activities under physiological and pathological conditions. Kidney-derived exosomes, which vary in origin and function, may either contribute to the pathogenesis of disease or represent a potential therapeutic resource. Membranous nephropathy (MN), an autoimmune kidney disease characterized by glomerular damage, is a predominant cause of nephrotic syndrome. Notably, MN, especially idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), often results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), affecting approximately 30% of patients… More > Graphic Abstract

    New insight into the role of exosomes in idiopathic membrane nephropathy

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Exosomes in viral infection: Effects for pathogenesis and treatment strategies

    FATEMEH HEIDARI1,2, REIHANEH SEYEDEBRAHIMI1,2, PIAO YANG3, MOHSEN ESLAMI FARSANI1,2, SHIMA ABABZADEH2,4, NASER KALHOR5, HAMED MANOOCHEHRI6, MOHSEN SHEYKHHASAN7,*, MARYAM AZIMZADEH8,9,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.12, pp. 2597-2608, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.043351

    Abstract Exosomes are small vesicles that carry molecules from one cell to another. They have many features that make them interesting for research, such as their stability, low immunogenicity, size of the nanoscale, toxicity, and selective delivery. Exosomes can also interact with viruses in diverse ways. Emerging research highlights the significant role of exosomes in viral infections, particularly in the context of diseases like COVID-19, HIV, HBV and HCV. Understanding the intricate interplay between exosomes and the human immune system holds great promise for the development of effective antiviral therapies. An important aspect is gaining clarity on how exosomes influence the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Inhibition of VEGF-A expression in hypoxia-exposed fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells by exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

    JING LI1,2, WANWAN FAN4, LILI HAO1, YONGSHENG LI5, GUOCHENG YU1, WEI SUN6, XIANQIONG LUO2,*, JINGXIANG ZHONG1,3,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.11, pp. 2485-2494, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.044177

    Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC)-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Exos) in inhibiting hypoxia-induced cell hyper proliferation and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in immature human fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hfRMECs). Methods: Exosomes were isolated from hucMSCs using cryogenic ultracentrifugation and characterized through various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, bicinchoninic acid assays, and western blotting. The hfRMECs were identified using von Willebrand factor (vWF) co-staining and divided into four groups: a control group cultured under normoxic condition, a hypoxic model group, a hypoxic group treated with… More > Graphic Abstract

    Inhibition of VEGF-A expression in hypoxia-exposed fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells by exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Application of exosomal miRNA mediated macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer: Current progress and challenges

    YUN ZHANG1,2,#, SHALING TANG1,2,#, YUBO GAO1,2, ZHONGTING LU1,2, YUAN YANG1,2, JING CHEN3, TAO LI4,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 61-71, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.043481

    Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical resection is the main treatment for early-stage CRC, but detecting it early is challenging. Therefore, effective therapeutic targets for advanced patients are still lacking. Exosomes, tiny vesicles in body fluids, play a crucial role in tumor metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance. Interestingly, they can even serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Studies have shown that exosomes can carry miRNA, mediate the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages, promote the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, and affect the prognosis of CRC. Since… More > Graphic Abstract

    Application of exosomal miRNA mediated macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer: Current progress and challenges

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

    VIGNESH BALAJI E1, DIVYA RAMESH2, MANISHA CHUNGAN SHAJU3, AKSHARA KUMAR4, SAMYAK PANDEY1, RAKSHA NAYAK1, V. ALKA5, SRISHTI MUNJAL6, AMIR SALIMI7, K. SREEDHARA RANGANATH PAI1,*, SHANKAR M. BAKKANNAVAR2

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 73-94, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030401

    Abstract Exosomes, small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human body. It is considered a “double-edged sword”, and depending on its biological source, the action of exosomes varies under physiological conditions. Also, the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome source. Moreover, the uptake of exosomes from the recipients’ cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological actions. There are different mechanisms present in the exosomes’ cellular… More > Graphic Abstract

    Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Exploring exosomes to provide evidence for the treatment and prediction of Alzheimer’s disease

    XIANGYU QUAN1, XUETING MA1, GUODONG LI2, XUEQI FU1, JIANGTAO LI1, LINLIN ZENG1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.10, pp. 2163-2176, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.031226

    Abstract Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a 30–150 nm diameter originating from endosomes. In recent years, scientists have regarded exosomes as an ideal small molecule carrier for the targeted treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) across the blood-brain barrier due to their nanoscale size and low immunogenicity. A large amount of evidence shows that exosomes are rich in biomarkers, and it has been found that the changes in biomarker content in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine are often associated with the onset of AD patients. In this paper, some recent advances in the use of exosomes in the treatment of AD are… More > Graphic Abstract

    Exploring exosomes to provide evidence for the treatment and prediction of Alzheimer’s disease

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in tumor progression

    CARL RANDALL HARREL1, VALENTIN DJONOV2, ANA VOLAREVIC3, DRAGICA PAVLOVIC4, VLADISLAV VOLAREVIC4,5,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.8, pp. 1757-1769, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028567

    Abstract Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with bioactive molecules, such as microRNAs, enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory, trophic, and growth factors. These molecules regulate the survival, phenotype, and function of malignant and tumor-infiltrated immune cells. Due to their nano-size and bilayer lipid envelope, MSC-Exos can easily bypass biological barriers and may serve as drug carriers to deliver chemotherapeutics directly into the tumor cells. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms responsible for MSC-Exos-dependent modulation of tumor progression and discuss insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of malignant diseases. More > Graphic Abstract

    The role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in tumor progression

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Raloxifene-loaded and aptamer-bonded exosomes induce autophagic and apoptotic death in HeLa cells by enhancing the lysosomotropic effect

    OMER ERDOGAN1, GULEN MELIKE DEMIRBOLAT2, OZGE CEVIK1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.5, pp. 1051-1063, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028129

    Abstract Background: Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is also known to be a lysosomotropic agent. The bioavailability of raloxifene is around 2% due to extensive hepatic transport. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that are naturally released from cells. Method: In this study, exosomes released from HeLa cervical cancer cells were loaded with raloxifene to increase its bioavailability, and an aptamer was attached to the exosome membrane for targeting only HeLa cells. Characterization of exosomes isolated from HeLa cells was performed by transmission electron microscopy, zeta sizer, and western blotting. In addition, the cytotoxic, apoptotic, autophagic, and lysosomotropic effects of the prepared… More >

  • Open Access

    VIEWPOINT

    Analysis of tumor-draining vein secretome: A direct access to tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in surgical lung cancer patients

    YANGYI HE1,2, DAVID SANCHEZ-LORENTE3,4,5, MELISSA ACOSTA-PLASENCIA1, MARC BOADA3,4,5, ANGELA GUIRAO3,4,5, RAMON M. MARRADES4,5,6,7, LAUREANO MOLINS3,4,5, ALFONS NAVARRO1,4,5,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.5, pp. 951-957, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.027718

    Abstract Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in the metastasis process through different mechanisms, including the preparation of the pre-metastatic niche to grant circulating tumor cells (CTCs) implantation and growth. The study of the metastasis process through the analysis of CTCs and tumor-derived EVs is difficult because of the dilution grade of these elements in peripheral blood. In early-stage lung cancer patients, the tumor-secreted products are even more diluted. An attractive strategy in surgical lung cancer patients is to purify them from a pulmonary tumor-draining vein where they are enriched. The information obtained from the analysis of EVs and CTCs purified from… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The extracellular secretion of miR-1825 wrapped by exosomes increases CLEC5A expression: A potential oncogenic mechanism in ovarian cancer

    QIAOLING WU1,2, ZHAOLEI CUI3, HONGMEI XIA1, SHAN JIANG1, JING BAI4, ZHUO SHAO4, YANG SUN1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.5, pp. 1039-1050, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.027494

    Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of gynecological cancer-linked deaths worldwide. Exosomal miR-1825 and its target gene C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A) are associated with tumorigenesis in cancers that was further probed. Methods: Exosomal miR-1825 expression in exosomes and its impact on overall survival (OS) prediction were determined using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Target genes of miR-1825 were searched in five prediction databases and prognostically significant differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out. The… More >

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