Nur Syaiful Afrizal1, Khairul Adib Yusof1,2,*, Lokman Hakim Muhamad1, Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid2,3, Mardina Abdullah2,4, Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman1, Syamsiah Mashohor5, Masashi Hayakawa6,7
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-16, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066421
- 09 December 2025
Abstract Detecting geomagnetic anomalies preceding earthquakes is a challenging yet promising area of research that has gained increasing attention in recent years. This study introduces a novel reconstruction-based modeling approach enhanced by negative learning, employing a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network explicitly trained to accurately reconstruct non-seismic geomagnetic signals while intentionally amplifying reconstruction errors for seismic signals. By penalizing the model for accurately reconstructing seismic anomalies, the negative learning approach effectively magnifies the differences between normal and anomalous data. This strategic differentiation enhances the sensitivity of the BiLSTM network, enabling improved detection of subtle geomagnetic More >