Sajadul Hassan Kumhar¹, Syed Immamul Ansarullah², Akber Abid Gardezi³, Shafiq Ahmad⁴, Abdelaty Edrees Sayed⁴, Muhammad Shafiq^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 3899-3912, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032290 - 31 October 2022

Abstract English to Urdu machine translation is still in its beginning and lacks simple translation methods to provide motivating and adequate English to Urdu translation. In order to make knowledge available to the masses, there should be mechanisms and tools in place to make things understandable by translating from source language to target language in an automated fashion. Machine translation has achieved this goal with encouraging results. When decoding the source text into the target language, the translator checks all the characteristics of the text. To achieve machine translation, rule-based, computational, hybrid and neural machine translation… More >

Shakeel Ahmed¹, Munazza Ambreen¹, Muneer Ahmad², Abdulellah A. Alaboudi³, Roobaea Alroobaea⁴, NZ Jhanjhi^5,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.38, No.2, pp. 131-140, 2021, DOI:10.32604/csse.2021.016504 - 23 April 2021

Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak severely affected formal face-to-face classroom teaching and learning. ICT-based online education and training can be a useful measure during the pandemic. In the Pakistani educational context, the use of ICT-based online training is generally sporadic and often unavailable, especially for developing English-language instructors’ listening comprehension skills. The major factors affecting availability include insufficient IT resources and infrastructure, a lack of proper online training for speech and listening, instructors with inadequate academic backgrounds, and an unfavorable environment for ICT-based training for listening comprehension. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ICT-based training for developing More >

Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3701-3719, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015785 - 01 March 2021

Abstract Due to the rapid increase in the exchange of text information via internet networks, the security and the reliability of digital content have become a major research issue. The main challenges faced by researchers are authentication, integrity verification, and tampering detection of the digital contents. In this paper, text zero-watermarking and text feature-based approach is proposed to improve the tampering detection accuracy of English text contents. The proposed approach embeds and detects the watermark logically without altering the original English text document. Based on hidden Markov model (HMM), the fourth level order of the word… More >