Meng Wang¹, Jinghan Cai¹, Wenzheng Liu¹, Xue Yang¹, Jingjing Zhang¹, Qiangmin Zhou¹, Fanzhen Wang¹, Hang Zhang^1,*, Tonghai Liu^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.075541 - 30 January 2026

Abstract Tomato is a major economic crop worldwide, and diseases on tomato leaves can significantly reduce both yield and quality. Traditional manual inspection is inefficient and highly subjective, making it difficult to meet the requirements of early disease identification in complex natural environments. To address this issue, this study proposes an improved YOLO11-based model, YOLO-SPDNet (Scale Sequence Fusion, Position-Channel Attention, and Dual Enhancement Network). The model integrates the SEAM (Self-Ensembling Attention Mechanism) semantic enhancement module, the MLCA (Mixed Local Channel Attention) lightweight attention mechanism, and the SPA (Scale-Position-Detail Awareness) module composed of SSFF (Scale Sequence Feature… More >

Vaskar Chakma^1,*, Md Jaheid Hasan Nerab¹, Abdur Rouf¹, Abu Sayed², Hossem Md Saim³, Md. Nournabi Khan³

Journal of Intelligent Medicine and Healthcare, Vol.4, pp. 1-35, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jimh.2026.074347 - 23 January 2026

Abstract Smoking continues to be a major preventable cause of death worldwide, affecting millions through damage to the heart, metabolism, liver, and kidneys. However, current medical screening methods often miss the early warning signs of smoking-related health problems, leading to late-stage diagnoses when treatment options become limited. This study presents a systematic comparative evaluation of machine learning approaches for smoking-related health risk assessment, emphasizing clinical interpretability and practical deployment over algorithmic innovation. We analyzed health screening data from 55,691 individuals, examining various health indicators including body measurements, blood tests, and demographic information. We tested three advanced… More >

SEUNGIL KIM, GUN-DONG KIM^*

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.073781 - 23 January 2026

Abstract Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis is a specialized innate immune process in which neutrophils release chromatin fibers decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins. Although pivotal for pathogen clearance, aberrant NETosis has emerged as a critical modulator of acute and chronic respiratory pathologies, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Dysregulated NET release exacerbates airway inflammation by inducing epithelial injury, mucus hypersecretion, and the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes, thereby accelerating tissue remodeling and functional decline. Mechanistically, NETosis is governed by peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4)-mediated histone citrullination, NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive More >

Gizem Kaynar Beyaz^1,*, Ahmet Kirbas², Sevgi Kalkanli Tas¹

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.072368 - 23 January 2026

Abstract Peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains a significant global health issue, with current treatments primarily focused on relieving symptoms and addressing macrovascular issues. However, critical immunoinflammatory mechanisms are often overlooked. Recent evidence suggests that monocyte phenotypic plasticity plays a central role in PAD development, affecting atherogenesis, plaque progression, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and chronic ischemic remodeling. This narrative review aims to summarize the latest advances (2023–2025) in understanding monocyte diversity, functional states, and their changes throughout different stages of PAD. We discuss both established and emerging biomarkers, such as circulating monocyte subset proportions, functional assays, immune checkpoint expression, More >

Rasit Dinc¹, Nurittin Ardic^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.072337 - 23 January 2026

Abstract Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), linking innate immune activation to vascular injury, thrombosis, and maladaptive remodeling. This review synthesizes recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways driving NET formation, including post-translational modifications, metabolic reprogramming, inflammasome signaling, and autophagy. It highlights the role of NETs in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and hypertension, emphasizing common control points such as peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4)-dependent histone citrullination and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases 2 (NOX2)-mediated oxidative stress. Mechanistic interpretation of circulating biomarkers, including myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes, citrullinated histone H3,… More >

Douglas M. Ruden^*

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.072273 - 23 January 2026

Abstract Stem cell fate decisions are increasingly understood through the dynamic interplay of two fundamental stress-adaptive programs: the integrated stress response (ISR) and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These pathways act as a Yin–Yang system, balancing beneficial and detrimental outcomes across development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. On the yin (protective) side, transient ISR activation and acute SASP signaling foster adaptation, embryonic patterning, wound healing, and regeneration. On the yang (maladaptive) side, chronic ISR signaling and unresolved SASP output drive stem cell exhaustion, fibrosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. This duality highlights their roles as both guardians and disruptors More > Graphic Abstract

TOSHIYUKI HABU^*

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.071798 - 23 January 2026

Abstract RING protein 213 (RNF213), the susceptibility gene for Moyamoya disease (MMD), possesses two active AAA+ ATPase (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) modules, a RING, and RNF213-ZNFX1 finger (RZ finger) domains. Several RNF213 variants have been reported in MMD patients, including the p.R4810K variant (rs112735431), which is a founder polymorphism associated with MMD in East Asia. To elucidate the function of RNF213 and its variant, we investigated the localization of RNF213 and the R4810K variant in this study. RNF213 induced circular hole structures near the nucleus, similar to lipid droplets (LDs), in U-2 OS cells. More >

JOSé A. BOGA^1,2, ANA COTO-MONTES^2,3,*, RUSSEL J. REITER⁴

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.068245 - 23 January 2026

Abstract Aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect, and the accumulation of lactate that it causes, are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders. This review integrates preclinical and clinical evidence to evaluate the ability of melatonin to reverse Warburg-effect-like metabolic reprogramming. Literature on neurodegeneration, age-related sarcopenia, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been reviewed and synthesised. In all of these conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This diverts pyruvate away… More >

Zhuangqiang Wen¹, Min Zhang², Zhekun Shou^3,*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.20, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2025.071300 - 08 January 2026

Abstract Roadbed disease detection is essential for maintaining road functionality. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) enables non-destructive detection without drilling. However, current identification often relies on manual inspection, which requires extensive experience, suffers from low efficiency, and is highly subjective. As the results are presented as radar images, image processing methods can be applied for fast and objective identification. Deep learning-based approaches now offer a robust solution for automated roadbed disease detection. This study proposes an enhanced Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) framework integrating ResNet-50 as the backbone and two-dimensional discrete Fourier spectrum transformation (2D-DFT) for… More >

Wen-Tsai Sung¹, Indra Griha Tofik Isa^2,3, Sung-Jung Hsiao^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-31, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070922 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Mango is a plant with high economic value in the agricultural industry; thus, it is necessary to maximize the productivity performance of the mango plant, which can be done by implementing artificial intelligence. In this study, a lightweight object detection model will be developed that can detect mango plant conditions based on disease potential, so that it becomes an early detection warning system that has an impact on increasing agricultural productivity. The proposed lightweight model integrates YOLOv7-Tiny and the proposed modules, namely the C2S module. The C2S module consists of three sub-modules such as the… More >