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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    STUDY OF INTERNAL FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF INJECTOR FUELLED WITH VARIOUS BLENDS OF DIETHYL ETHER AND DIESEL USING CFD

    Vijayakumar Thulasi*, Thundil Karuppa Raj Rajagopal

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.4, No.2, pp. 1-5, 2013, DOI:10.5098/hmt.v4.2.3007

    Abstract Researchers across the world are exploring the potential of using diethyl ether as an alternate fuel to meet the stringent emission norms due to the high oxygen content in the fuel. The spray characteristics of any injected fuel are highly influenced by its physical properties. Due to high injection pressure in CI engines the fuel tends to cavitate inside the nozzle greatly. The change in fuel properties will affect the cavitating behavior of the fuel. In this paper computational technique is used to study and compare the internal flow characteristics of a fuel injector for different blends of diethyl ether… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Ketone bodies and inflammation modulation: A mini-review on ketogenic diet’s potential mechanisms in mood disorders

    YAN ZHENG1,2, SIHUI MA3,4,*, KATSUHIKO SUZUKI4, HISANORI KATO3, HUIJUAN JIA3,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.8, pp. 1897-1906, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.027632

    Abstract Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety inflict significant burdens on individuals and society. Commonly prescribed treatments often involve cognitive therapy and medications. However, for patients resistant to these conventional methods, alternative therapies like the Ketogenic Diet (KD) offer a promising avenue. KD and its key metabolite, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), have been hypothesized to alleviate mental disorders through anti-inflammatory actions, a crucial pathway in the pathophysiology of depression. This mini-review examines 15 clinical trials exploring the influence of KD and BHB on inflammation and their potential roles in managing mental disorders. Both human and animal studies were scrutinized to elucidate possible… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effects of Biowaste-Derived Hydrochar on Anaerobic Digestion: Insights into Hydrochar Characteristics

    Hongqiong Zhang1,2,#, Xu Wang3,#, Zhaojing Qian4, Buchun Si1,4,*, Kai Jin5, Tengfei Wang5

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.10, pp. 3647-3657, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.028438

    Abstract Hydrochar prepared with four typical biowastes, pine wood, food waste, digested sewage sludge, and Chlorella were applied for the promotion of anaerobic digestion. The gas production and substrate composition were analyzed associated with the hydrochar characteristics. The results suggested that Chlorella hydrochar (C-C) showed the highest cumulative yield of methane (approximately 345 mL) with high total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency and low volatile fatty acids (VAFs) concentration. Especially, food waste hydrochar (F-C) showed a poor effect on anaerobic digestion and aroused 1.4–1.6 g/L accumulation of VAFs, in which the toxic components may account for the low efficiency. The C-C… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURES ON THE SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIETHYL ETHER AND DIESEL FUEL AT DIFFERENT CHAMBER TEMPERATURES

    Vijayakumar Thulasi, R. Thundil Karuppa Raj*

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.10, pp. 1-9, 2018, DOI:10.5098/hmt.10.33

    Abstract Diethyl ether is one of the potential alternative fuels for the high speed compression ignition engines that can replace the existing neat diesel fuel. It is well known that the combustion characteristic of a compression ignition engine is highly influenced by the fuel spray structure formed during the injection process. In this paper the spray structure formation for the diethyl ether fuel is studied numerically, using the discrete phase model and it is compared with the neat diesel fuel. The spray is investigated in a constant volume chamber maintained at 30 bar pressure. The fuel is injected into the chamber… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Amine Type on Lignin Modification to Evaluate Its Reactivity in Polyol Construction for Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (NIPU)

    Saeed Kazemi Najafi1, Farhood Najafi2, Antonio Pizzi3,*, Fatemeh Hassani Khorshidi1,*, Rabi Behrooz1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2171-2189, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027835

    Abstract Polyols are groups of organic compounds which contain carbon and are randomly linked to other atoms, especially carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen. These compounds are mainly used as reactants to make other polymers. Among biopolymers, lignin is regarded as the base of a new polymer in polyol construction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of amine type (diethylenetriamine and ethylenediamine) on the modification of lignin-based polyols, so as to provide an alternative to petroleum polyols and, in turn, increase functional groups and reduce their harm to humans’ health and the environment. To this aim, first, lignin was extracted from raw… More > Graphic Abstract

    Effect of Amine Type on Lignin Modification to Evaluate Its Reactivity in Polyol Construction for Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (NIPU)

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Presenilin and Alzheimer’s disease interactions with aging, exercise and high-fat diet: A systematic review

    YINGHUI GAO, DENGTAI WEN*, SHIJIE WANG, JINGFENG WANG

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 41-49, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.022689

    Abstract Presenilin (Psn) protein is associated with organismal aging. Mutations in the Psn gene may lead to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and many age-dependent degenerative diseases. These diseases seriously affect the quality of life and longevity of the population and place a huge burden on health care and economic systems around the world. Humans have two types of Psn, presenilin-1 (PSEN1) and presenilin-2 (PSEN2). Mutations in the genes encoding PSEN1, PSEN2, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) have been identified as the major genetic causes of AD. Psn is a complex gene strongly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Characterization and Preparation of Wood-Furanic Foams

    V. K. Srivastava1, A. Pizzi2,3,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 201-206, 2014, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2014.634107

    Abstract Fine wood powder/furanic foams were prepared with a strong predominance of the wood component. Low weight and density are important properties of foamed composites. Focusing on preparing light materials, wood foam composites were made using a chemical foaming method and expanded using diethyl ether as the foaming agent. The additives were added to note their effect on the density and mechanical properties, like impact strength and Young’s moduli, of the expanded composites. Various tests and scanning electron microscopy analysis were also performed. The foaming agent resulted in closed cells with varied sizes and more or less regular shapes, and with… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Harnessing LSTM Classifier to Suggest Nutrition Diet for Cancer Patients

    S. Raguvaran1,*, S. Anandamurugan2, A. M. J. Md. Zubair Rahman3

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.2, pp. 2171-2187, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.028605

    Abstract A customized nutrition-rich diet plan is of utmost importance for cancer patients to intake healthy and nutritious foods that help them to be strong enough to maintain their body weight and body tissues. Consuming nutrition-rich diet foods will prevent them from the side effects caused before and after treatment thereby minimizing it. This work is proposed here to provide them with an effective diet assessment plan using deep learning-based automated medical diet system. Hence, an Enhanced Long-Short Term Memory (E-LSTM) has been proposed in this paper, especially for cancer patients. This proposed method will be very useful for cancer patients… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Uridine dynamic administration affects the circadian variation of bile acid metabolism in high-fat-diet-fed mice

    TIANTIAN ZHOU1,3,#, YUMEI ZHANG1,2,#, JUAN ZHANG1,2, CHUNYAN XIE2, ZHENYA ZHAI1,2, XIN WU1,2,3,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.11, pp. 2433-2442, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.021290

    Abstract High-fat diet (HFD) is demonstrated to disturb the bile acid metabolism. The rhythm of bile acid metabolism can also be affected by uridine, whose metabolism exhibits a daily rhythm. However, the mechanism of dynamic uridine administration affecting bile acid during HFD remains unclear. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD (the control group; CON) or HFD with oral administration of uridine in the daytime (DUR) and nighttime (NUR) to investigate the mechanism of the effect of uridine on the bile acid. This study showed that the mRNA expression of uridine transporters and circadian clock genes in the jejunum was… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Intelligent Nutrition Diet Recommender System for Diabetic’s Patients

    Nadia Tabassum1, Abdul Rehman2, Muhammad Hamid3,*, Muhammad Saleem4, Saadia Malik5, Tahir Alyas2

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 319-335, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.018870

    Abstract Diabetes is one of the ever-increasing menace crippling millions of people worldwide. It is an independent risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases including medium and small vessels and results in heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and lower-limb amputations. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report estimated 1.6 million deaths were the direct result of diabetes. Nutrition plays a vital role in diabetes management alongside physical activity, drugs, and insulin. Weight management can help to avert or delay at pre-diabetic stages. This research work explains the features of the Nutrition Diet Expert System (NDES), which will preferably be used… More >

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