Jiarui Zhang¹, Dan Liu^2,*, Kan Cao², Ping Xiong², Xiaotong Ji³, Yanze Xu¹, Yunfei Mu¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.8, pp. 2065-2083, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.050342

Abstract The system performance of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) has a serious impact on the grid stability. To improve the control performance and shorten the convergence time, a predefined-time controller based on backstepping technology and dynamic surface control is formulated for the inverter in the grid-connected photovoltaic. The time-varying tuning functions are introduced into state-tracking errors to realize the predefined-time control effect. To address the “computational explosion problem” in the design process of backstepping control, dynamic surface control is adopted to avoid the analytical calculations of virtual control. The disturbances of the PV system are estimated and More >

Miljenko Lapaine^*

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.33, pp. 155-165, 2024, DOI:10.32604/rig.2024.052258

Abstract The short communication discusses the interrelationships of loxodromes, isometric latitudes and the normal aspect of Mercator projection. It is shown that by applying the isometric latitude, a very simple equation of the loxodrome on the sphere is reached. The consequence of this is that the isometric latitude can be defined using the generalized longitude, and not only using the latitude, as was common until now. Generalized longitude is the longitude defined for every real number; modulo 2π of generalized and usual longitude are congruent. Since the image of the loxodrome in the plane of the… More > Graphic Abstract

Jinlin Xu^1,2, Wansu Pan^1,*, Longle Cheng^1,2, Haibo Tan^1,2, Munan Yuan^1,*, Xiaofeng Li^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 1399-1418, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049622

Abstract The existing multipath routing in Software Defined Network (SDN) is relatively blind and inefficient, and there is a lack of cooperation between the terminal and network sides, making it difficult to achieve dynamic adaptation of service requirements and network resources. To address these issues, we propose a multi-constraint path optimization scheme based on information fusion in SDN. The proposed scheme collects network topology and network state information on the network side and computes disjoint paths between end hosts. It uses the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to calculate the weight coefficients of multiple constrained parameters… More >

Jiajun Yan, Ying Zhou^*, Anchen Dai, Tao Wang

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 563-580, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048922

Abstract As an emerging network paradigm, the software-defined network (SDN) finds extensive application in areas such as smart grids, the Internet of Things (IoT), and edge computing. The forwarding layer in software-defined networks is susceptible to eavesdropping attacks. Route hopping is a moving target defense (MTD) technology that is frequently employed to resist eavesdropping attacks. In the traditional route hopping technology, both request and reply packets use the same hopping path. If an eavesdropping attacker monitors the nodes along this path, the risk of 100% data leakage becomes substantial. In this paper, we present an effective… More >

Nasser Alshammari¹, Shumaila Shahzadi², Saad Awadh Alanazi^1,*, Shahid Naseem³, Muhammad Anwar³, Madallah Alruwaili⁴, Muhammad Rizwan Abid⁵, Omar Alruwaili⁴, Ahmed Alsayat¹, Fahad Ahmad^6,7

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.2, pp. 363-394, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.040721

Abstract Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology promote several benefits to network operators, including reduced maintenance costs, increased network operational performance, simplified network lifecycle, and policies management. Network vulnerabilities try to modify services provided by Network Function Virtualization MANagement and Orchestration (NFV MANO), and malicious attacks in different scenarios disrupt the NFV Orchestrator (NFVO) and Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM) lifecycle management related to network services or individual Virtualized Network Function (VNF). This paper proposes an anomaly detection mechanism that monitors threats in NFV MANO and manages promptly and adaptively to implement and… More >

Kaiyue Hong^1,2, Yasmina Radani², Waqas Ahmad², Ping Li³, Yuming Luo^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.1, pp. 45-61, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.046389

Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli. Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development. CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase (HO) and the subsequent generation of CO. Additionally, it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1 (PIN1) proteins, resulting in enhanced auxin transport. This alteration, in turn, leads to an increase in NO accumulation. Furthermore, iron deficiency enhances the activity of… More >

Yong Qin^1,2, Xiaoyu Li^1,2, Yanhong Wu^1,2, Hai Wang³, Guiqi Han^1,2,3, Zhuyun Yan^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.1, pp. 119-135, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.046075

Abstract Root exudates serve as crucial mediators for information exchange between plants and soil, and are an important evolutionary mechanism for plants’ adaptation to environmental changes. In this study, 15 different abiotic stress models were established using various stress factors, including drought (D), high temperature (T), nitrogen deficiency (N), phosphorus deficiency (P), and their combinations. We investigated their effects on the seedling growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and the activities of Solid-Urease (S-UE), Solid-Nitrite Reductase (S-NiR), Solid-Nitrate Reductase (S-NR), Solid-Phosphotransferase (S-PT), and Solid-Catalase (S-CAT), as well as the contents of polysaccharides in the culture medium. The results… More >

Yue Xue¹, Dunqiu Fan², Shen Su^1,3,*, Jialu Fu¹, Ning Hu¹, Wenmao Liu², Zhihong Tian^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.1, pp. 69-101, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.031488

Abstract Decentralized finance (DeFi) is a general term for a series of financial products and services. It is based on blockchain technology and has attracted people’s attention because of its open, transparent, and intermediary free. Among them, the DeFi ecosystem based on Ethereum-based blockchains attracts the most attention. However, the current decentralized financial system built on the Ethereum architecture has been exposed to many smart contract vulnerabilities during the last few years. Herein, we believe it is time to improve the understanding of the prevailing Ethereum-based DeFi ecosystem security issues. To that end, we investigate the More >

Yuting Zhu¹, Yanfang Fu^2,*, Yang Ce³, Pan Deng¹, Jianpeng Zhu¹, Huankun Su¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.3, pp. 3867-3894, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.046772

Abstract In light of the escalating demand and intricacy of services in contemporary terrestrial, maritime, and aerial combat operations, there is a compelling need for enhanced service quality and efficiency in airborne cluster communication networks. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) proffers a viable solution for the multifaceted task of cooperative communication transmission and management across different operational domains within complex combat contexts, due to its intrinsic ability to flexibly allocate and centrally administer network resources. This study pivots around the optimization of SDN controller deployment within airborne data link clusters. A collaborative multi-controller architecture predicated on airborne data… More >

Huiqin Li, Mingzhi Zhang^*, Na Xiao, Haijian Yang

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.12, pp. 3211-3236, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.031003

Abstract To determine suitable thresholds for deficit irrigation of winter wheat in the well-irrigated area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, we investigated the effects of different deficit irrigation lower limits and quotas on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat. Four irrigation lower limits were set for initiating irrigation (i.e., light drought (LD, 50%, 55%, 60% and 50% of field holding capacity (FC) at the seedling-regreening, jointing, heading and filling-ripening stages, respectively), medium drought (MD, 40%, 50%, 55% and 45% of FC at the same stages, respectively), adequate moisture (CK1, 60%, 65%, 70% and 60%… More >