Norshariza Mohamad Bhkari^1,2,*, Lum Wei Chen¹, Anis Azmi², Muhammad Shaiful Nordin², Norman Wong Shew Yam³, Zakiah Ahmad², Lee Seng Hua⁴

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.11, pp. 2851-2869, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022326 - 29 June 2022

Abstract This study investigated the bending, compression as well as the bonding performance of CLT panels made from fast-growing timber species, i.e., Laran (Neolamarckia cadamba) and Batai (Paraserianthes falcataria). The variables studied were timber species (Laran and Batai), layers of lamination (3-layer and 5-layer), loading direction in bending (in-plane and out-of-plane), loading direction in compression (x-, y-, and z-axis) and different treatment conditions for bonding performance test. The desired outputs of this study were bending and compression properties (strength and stiffness) as well as bonding performance (block shear strength, wood failure percentage and delamination value). The bending and… More >

Mohammad Anwar-Us-Saadat¹, Janeshka Goonewardena², Bidur Kafle², Mahmud Ashraf^2,*, Mahbube Subhani²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.6, pp. 1575-1606, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.018919 - 20 January 2022

Abstract Cross laminated timber (CLT) is an innovative and environment friendly engineered timber product with superior structural performance. CLT offers strong resistance against both in-plane and out-of-plane loading. Hence, it is widely used as floors, roofs or wall elements. Considerable experimental research on CLT under various loading conditions has been done in the recent past. This article presents a comprehensive review of various design methods to determine basic mechanical properties such as tension, compression and rolling shear strength of CLT with primary focus on Norway spruce. All relevant experimental data available from existing literature were collated More >

Yujie Huang¹, Yifan Zhang¹, Zheng Wang^1,*, Assima Dauletbe², Yao Lu¹, Zhaoyu Shen¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.3, pp. 849-870, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.018515 - 28 September 2021

Abstract To describe the dynamic cracking process of the CLT vertical layer, the correlation between a load-displacement curve, specimen cracking, and planar shear failure mechanism of the CLT were explored. A three-point bending test and an improved planar shear test are used to evaluate the shear performance of the CLT. In this study, the load-displacement curve is recorded, the experimental part is synchronized with the video, the dynamic process of cracking of the vertical layer is observed and analyzed throughout the test. From the load-displacement curve, the image characteristics of the initial cracking and the sudden… More > Graphic Abstract

Zhenzhen Zhang¹, Kai Lan^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 53-73, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.017506 - 27 July 2021

Abstract Understanding the economic feasibility of cross-laminated timber (CLT), an emerging and sustainable alternative to concrete and steel, is critical for the rapid expansion of the mass timber industry. However, previous studies on economic performance of CLT have not fully considered the variations in the feedstock, plant capacities, manufacturing parameters, and capital and operating costs. This study fills this gap by developing a techno-economic analysis of producing CLT panels in the Southern United States. The effects of those variations on minimum selling price (MSP) of CLT panels are explored by Monte Carlo simulation. The results show… More >

Tao Gui¹, Shichen Cai¹, Zhiqiang Wang^1,*, Jianhui Zhou^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.9, pp. 1053-1066, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.011645 - 03 August 2020

Abstract Eucalyptus is a major fast-grown species in South China, which has the potential for producing structural wood products such as cross-laminated timber (CLT). Aspect ratio (board width vs. board thickness) of eucalyptus lumbers is small due to the small diameter of fast-grown eucalyptus wood. To evaluate its rolling shear modulus and strength for potential CLT applications, three-layer hybrid CLT shear block specimens with different aspect ratios (2,4,6), were tested by planar shear test method. Digital image correlation (DIC) was employed to measure the rolling shear strain distribution and development during the planar shear tests. The mean… More >

Chenxiao Su, Haibei Xiong^*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.14, No.1, pp. 81-94, 2020, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2020.08221 - 01 March 2020

Abstract In order to explore a kind of high-strength, earthquake-resistant, economical and suitable connection, 4 groups of cross-laminated timber wall-to-floor and wall-to-wall bolted connections were tested under monotonic and cyclic loading. The deformation characteristics and failure modes of the cross-laminated timber wall-to-floor and wall-to-wall bolted connections were exploited. Load-slip curves, bearing capacity, yielding point, stiffness and ductility of each group of specimens were analyzed. The test results indicate that the loading process of cross-laminated timber bolted connections under tension can be categorized as five stages, namely the elastic stage, the slip stage, the embedding stage, the… More >

Yingchun Gong^1,#,*, Fenglu Liu^2,#, Zhaopeng Tian¹, Guofang Wu¹, Haiqing Ren¹, Cheng Guan²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.10, pp. 941-956, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07354

Abstract Japanese larch is one of the main plantation tree species in China. A lack of engineered wood products made by Japanese larch , limits its application in wood structures. In this study, based on optimum process para meters, such as pressure (1.2 MPa), adhesive spread rate (200 g/m 2 ) and adhesive (one component polyurethane), the mechanical properties of Japanese larch made cross laminated timber ( with different lay ups were evaluated by means of the static method . Results of this study show ed that variations in lay ups significant ly affected the mechanical… More >

Yin Yang¹, Xiaoyan Cao¹, Zhiqiang Wang^1,*, Zhijun Liang¹, Jianhui Zhou^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.10, pp. 957-965, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.07558

Abstract The out-of-plane shear properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) substantially influence the overall mechanical properties of CLT. Various testing methods and theories related to these properties have recently been developed. The effects of the number of layers (three and five layers) and testing method (short-span three- and four-point bending tests) on the out-of-plane shear properties of CLT were evaluated. The out-of-plane shear strength values were calculated based on different theories for comparison. The failure mode in the short-span four-point bending (FPB) method was mainly the rolling shear (RS) failure in the cross layers, indicating that the More >

Gengmu Ruan¹, Haibei Xiong^1,*, Jiawei Chen¹

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 227-246, 2019, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2019.04743

Abstract In this paper, bending performance and rolling shear properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels made from Canadian hemlock were investigated by varied approaches. Firstly, three groups of bending tests of three-layer CLT panels with different spans were carried out. Different failure modes were obtained: bending failure, rolling shear failure, bonding line failure, local failure of the outer layer and mixed failure mode. Deflection and strain measurements were employed to calculate the global and local modulus of elastic (MOE), compared with the theoretical value. In addition, a modified compression shear testing method was introduced to evaluate More >