Junyan Ni1, Xincun Zhuang2, 3, Magd Abdel Wahab4, 5, *
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.62, No.2, pp. 495-523, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.08448
Abstract Residual stress after welding has negative effects on the service life of welded
steel components or structures. This work reviews three most commonly used methods
for predicting residual stress, namely, empirical, semi-empirical and process simulation
methods. Basic principles adopted by these methods are introduced. The features and
limitations of each method are discussed as well. The empirical method is the most
practical but its accuracy relies heavily on experiments. Mechanical theories are
employed in the semi-empirical method, while other aspects, such as temperature
variation and phase transformation, are simply ignored. The process simulation method
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