Imtiaz Ahmad¹, Tariq Hussain², Babar Shah³, Altaf Hussain⁴, Iqtidar Ali¹, Farman Ali^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 3585-3629, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050596

Abstract Numerous wireless networks have emerged that can be used for short communication ranges where the infrastructure-based networks may fail because of their installation and cost. One of them is a sensor network with embedded sensors working as the primary nodes, termed Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), in which numerous sensors are connected to at least one Base Station (BS). These sensors gather information from the environment and transmit it to a BS or gathering location. WSNs have several challenges, including throughput, energy usage, and network lifetime concerns. Different strategies have been applied to get over these… More >

Mohammed Altaf Ahmed¹, T. Satyanarayana Murthy², Fayadh Alenezi³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Seifedine Kadry^5,6,7, Yena Kim⁸, Yunyoung Nam^8,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 1283-1297, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.035786

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) play a vital role in several real-time applications ranging from military to civilian. Despite the benefits of WSN, energy efficiency becomes a major part of the challenging issue in WSN, which necessitate proper load balancing amongst the clusters and serves a wider monitoring region. The clustering technique for WSN has several benefits: lower delay, higher energy efficiency, and collision avoidance. But clustering protocol has several challenges. In a large-scale network, cluster-based protocols mainly adapt multi-hop routing to save energy, leading to hot spot problems. A hot spot problem becomes a problem… More >

P. Kavitha Rani¹, Hee-Kwon Chae², Yunyoung Nam^2,*, Mohamed Abouhawwash^3,4

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.3, pp. 2591-2605, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.033697

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are made up of several sensors located in a specific area and powered by a finite amount of energy to gather environmental data. WSNs use sensor nodes (SNs) to collect and transmit data. However, the power supplied by the sensor network is restricted. Thus, SNs must store energy as often as to extend the lifespan of the network. In the proposed study, effective clustering and longer network lifetimes are achieved using multi-swarm optimization (MSO) and game theory based on locust search (LS-II). In this research, MSO is used to improve the… More >

Reem Alkanhel¹, Kalaiselvi Chinnathambi², C. Thilagavathi³, Mohamed Abouhawwash^4,5, Mona A. Al duailij⁶, Manal Abdullah Alohali⁷, Doaa Sami Khafaga^6,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 1571-1583, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.033430

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks are a group of sensors with inadequate power sources that are installed in a particular region to gather information from the surroundings. Designing energy-efficient data gathering methods in large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is one of the most difficult areas of study. As every sensor node has a finite amount of energy. Battery power is the most significant source in the WSN. Clustering is a well-known technique for enhancing the power feature in WSN. In the proposed method multi-Swarm optimization based on a Genetic Algorithm and Adaptive Hierarchical clustering-based routing protocol are… More >

Moonseong Kim¹, Jaeyoung Park², Young-Joon Kim³, Woochan Lee^4,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 1613-1625, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.033081

Abstract Mobile sensor nodes such as hopping sensors are of critical importance in data collection. However, the occurrence of sensing holes is unavoidable due to the energy limitation of the nodes. Thus, it is evident that the relocation of mobile sensors is the most desirable method to recover the sensing holes. The previous research conducted by the authors so far demonstrated the most realistic hopping sensor relocation scheme, which is suitable for the distributed environment. In previous studies, the cluster header plays an essential role in detecting the sensing hole and requesting the neighboring cluster to… More >

M. Sudha^1,*, P. Shanmugapriya², Rami Q. Malik³, Ahmed Alkhayyat⁴

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 1811-1826, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.032265

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have revolutionized the processes involved in industrial communication. However, the most important challenge faced by WSN sensors is the presence of limited energy. Multiple research investigations have been conducted so far on how to prolong the energy in WSN. This phenomenon is a result of inability of the network to have battery powered-sensor terminal. Energy-efficient routing on packet flow is a parallel phenomenon to delay nature, whereas the primary energy gets wasted as a result of WSN holes. Energy holes are present in the vicinity of sink and it is an… More >

J. Gobinath^1,*, S. Hemajothi², J. S. Leena Jasmine³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 2457-2471, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.031171

Abstract A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) becomes a newer type of real-time embedded device that can be utilized for a wide range of applications that make regular networking which appears impracticable. Concerning the energy production of the nodes, WSN has major issues that may influence the stability of the system. As a result, constructing WSN requires devising protocols and standards that make the most use of constrained capacity, especially the energy resources. WSN faces some issues with increased power utilization and an on going development due to the uneven energy usage between the nodes. Clustering has… More >

Sayyed Mudassar Shah¹, Tariq Hussain², Babar Shah³, Farman Ali⁴, Khalid Zaman¹, Kyung-Sup Kwak^5,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.3, pp. 2587-2602, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.034489

Abstract Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) aim to find varied offshore ocean monitoring and exploration applications. In most of these applications, the network is composed of several sensor nodes deployed at different depths in the water. Sensor nodes located at depth on the seafloor cannot invariably communicate with nodes close to the surface level; these nodes need multi-hop communication facilitated by a suitable routing scheme. In this research work, a Cluster-based Cooperative Energy Efficient Routing (CEER) mechanism for UWSNs is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the Co-UWSN and LEACH mechanisms. The optimal role of clustering… More >

Manar Ahmed Hamza^1,2,*, Aisha Hassan Abdalla Hashim¹, Dalia H. Elkamchouchi³, Nadhem Nemri⁴, Jaber S. Alzahrani⁵, Amira Sayed A. Aziz⁶, Mnahel Ahmed Ibrahim⁷, Abdelwahed Motwakel²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1711-1726, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.031467

Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a group of limited energy source sensors that are installed in a particular region to collect data from the environment. Designing the energy-efficient data collection methods in large-scale wireless sensor networks is considered to be a difficult area in the research. Sensor node clustering is a popular approach for WSN. Moreover, the sensor nodes are grouped to form clusters in a cluster-based WSN environment. The battery performance of the sensor nodes is likewise constrained. As a result, the energy efficiency of WSNs is critical. In specific, the energy usage… More >

T. Shanmugapriya^1,*, Dr. K. Kousalya²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 879-894, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.032074

Abstract The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network of Sensor Nodes (SN) which adopt radio signals for communication amongst themselves. There is an increase in the prominence of WSN adaptability to emerging applications like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Data security, detection of faults, management of energy, collection and distribution of data, network protocol, network coverage, mobility of nodes, and network heterogeneity are some of the issues confronted by WSNs. There is not much published information on issues related to node mobility and management of energy at the time of aggregation… More >