Fangye Liu^1,#, Jiaping Qu^1,#, Yajun Li¹, Jiawei Fan¹, Yumeng Cui¹, Jingwen Wu¹, Xueqi Gu¹, Xia Li^2,*, He Huang^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.7, pp. 1599-1621, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.051386 - 30 July 2024

Abstract Chrysanthemum × morifolium is a horticultural crop which plays a vital role in the flower industry with significant economic value and has a cultivation history of over three thousand years in China. The accumulation of anthocyanins is always affected by light. Here, we revealed that anthocyanin accumulation is highly dependent on light in ‘2021135’ genotype chrysanthemum, while it is light-independent in ‘2001402’ genotype chrysanthemum. However, no literature has been reported regarding the non-photosensitive chrysanthemum in anthocyanins light-independent synthesis pathways. Through the phenotype analysis of 44 F generations, we found that light-independence is a dominant trait which… More >

Fenglan Wang^#, Zhenyuan Cai^#, Zhimei Li, Shilong Zhang, Honghui Luo, Qing Wu, Hanhan Xia, Yanhong Guo^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.4, pp. 819-830, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.049150 - 29 April 2024

Abstract FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is an important factor for integrating flowering signals through the photoperiod pathway, which significantly promotes flowering. Most chrysanthemum varieties are short-day plants, sensitive to the photoperiod, which limits their ornamental and annual production supply. In this study, we aim to analyze the nutrients and flowering-related genes of chrysanthemums with different photoperiod types and to clone and verify the function of the flowering-related gene CmFT. We found that the formation of floral buds requires the accumulation of starch while consuming soluble sugars and the expression patterns of flowering-related genes GIGANTEA (GI), CONSTANS (CO), and FT in C.morifolium… More >

Xianrong Fu, Aiping Song, Bo Peng, Song Li, Weixin Liu, Lingling Zhang, Jiafu Jiang, Sumei Chen, Fadi Chen^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.6, pp. 1681-1694, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027870 - 11 April 2023

Abstract Brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of steroid phytohormones, play a critical role in plant growth and development. The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP90B1), which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis. Here, we identified a homologous gene of DWF4 in chrysanthemum, CmDWF4. This gene was predicted to encode 491 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 9.10. Overexpression of CmDWF4 in chrysanthemum was found to significantly increase growth rate, number, and length of lateral buds. Transcriptome analysis showed that multiple xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family encoding More >

Chen Liu^1,2 , Xiaowei Tang^1,2, Xiaohui Qu^1,2 , Fadi Chen¹, Jiafu Jiang¹ and Sumei Chen^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.5, pp. 1391-1404, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027231 - 09 March 2023

Abstract Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is one of the four major cut flowers in the world. Pht1 family is focus on the uptake and transport of phosphate in plants. In our previous studies, CmPht1;2 overexpression line (Oe1) had higher phosphate contents both in roots and shoots, and its root development was significantly enhanced than wild type (WT) at low phosphorus conditions in chrysanthemum. Metabolomics analysis showed that several metabolites had a change in pyruvate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway. To explore the gene difference expression and the change of metabolic pathway between CmPht1;2-Oe1 and WT, we conducted… More >

Jiayou Liu, Lian Ding, Xue Zhang, Song Li, Yunxiao Guan, Diwen Jia, Aiping Song, Jiafu Jiang, Fadi Chen^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.2, pp. 311-331, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.023896 - 12 October 2022

Abstract Chrysanthemum morifolium, an ornamental crop with diverse forms of inflorescence, is a good model for studying flower development in Asteraceae. However, the genetic background is complex and the mechanisms of regulating flower development are still unclear. Here, we identified two natural mutant lines of chrysanthemum and named them M1 and M2 according to the severity of the phenotype. Both lines showed defects in petal identity, and the petals of the M1 line had a mild phenotype: partially loss of petal identity and conversion of petals into green, leaf-like organs. The M2 line had severe phenotypes: in… More >

Yajun Li^1,#, Yumeng Cui^1,#, Bingjie Wang¹, Yue Li¹, Mengmeng Zhang², Silan Dai¹, He Huang^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.4, pp. 869-888, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018659 - 09 December 2021

Abstract Genetic transformation is one of the key steps in the molecular breeding of chrysanthemum, which relies on an optimal regeneration and transformation system. However, the regeneration system of different chrysanthemum cultivars varies, and the regeneration time of most cultivars is long. To screen cultivars with highly efficient regeneration, leaves and shoot tip thin cell layers (tTCL) from eight chrysanthemum cultivars with different flower colors and flower types were cultured on Murashige and Skoog media (MS) supplemented with 1.0–5.0 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.1–1.0 mg L⁻¹ α-naphthaleneacetic (NAA). The results showed that the most efficient regeneration… More >

Sicong Zheng^#, Jingjing Song^#, Cheng Luo, Xin Li, Qiqi Ma, Beibei Jiang^*, Qinglin Liu, Yuanzhi Pan

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.3, pp. 525-539, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.017629 - 26 October 2021

Abstract Studying the genetic basis and regulatory mechanism of chrysanthemum lateral bud outgrowth is of great significance for reduction the production cost of cut chrysanthemum. To clarify the molecular basis of lateral bud elongation after removal of apical dominance in chrysanthemum, label-free quantification analysis was used to analyze the proteome changes after apical bud removal. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze the changes in the expression of three plant hormone-related genes. A total of 440 differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified at three time points during the lateral bud elongation. The number of differentially… More >

Xin Li, Feiya Liao, Qiqi Ma, Beibei Jiang^*, Yuanzhi Pan, Cheng Luo, Xinjie Wang, Aining Ran

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.5, pp. 1415-1423, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.016143 - 27 May 2021

Abstract Chrysanthemum is one of the most important ornamental flowers in the world, and temperature has a significant influence on its field production. In the present study, differentially expressed proteins were investigated in the leaves of Dendranthema grandiflorum ‘Jinba’ under high temperature stress using label-free quantitative proteomics techniques. The expressed proteins were comparatively identified and analyzed. A total of 1,463 heat-related, differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and 1,463 heat-related, differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified by mass spectrometry after a high temperature treatment. Among these, 701 proteins were upregulated and… More >

Huiyun Li, Ye Liu, Sumei Chen, Jiafu Jiang, Aiping Song, Weimin Fang, Fadi Chen^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.4, pp. 851-859, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.012361 - 09 November 2020

Abstract Black spot disease, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria tenuissima (Fr.) Wiltsh (A. tenuissima), is considered a highly destructive disease of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). A set of 17 accessions of commercial chrysanthemum cultivars were evaluated for resistance to A. tenuissima by seedling artificial inoculation. It was found that the reaction of the accessions to artificial inoculation ranged from resistant to highly susceptible. Five varieties of chrysanthemum (‘Zhongshan Taogui’, ‘Jinba’, ‘Zhongshan Jinguan’, ‘Jinling Wanhuang’ and ‘Jinling Yangguang’) were resistant; two varieties of chrysanthemum (‘Zhongshan Xinggui’ and ‘Zhongshan Jinkui’) were moderately resistant; and others were susceptible to various degrees, four More >

VICTOR BENNO MEYER-ROCHOW^1,2,*, MONALISA MISHRA¹

BIOCELL, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 115-120, 2009, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2009.33.115

Abstract We are describing a rhabdom organization of the eye of the chrysanthemum beetle Phytoecia rufiventris that to date has not been described from any other insect. In cerambycid beetles free rhabdomeres, forming a circular, open rhabdom, surround a central rhabdom made up of the rhabdomeres of one or two cells. In Phytoecia rufiventris the central rhabdomeres are missing throughout the eye and the microvilli of the outer 6 rhabdomeres are regularly oriented in three directions. Following the classification of rhabdom types suggested by Wachmann (1979), we suggest to name the rhabdom arrangement seen in the retina of Phytoecia More >