ARMAND N. YAZDANI1, MICHAELA PLETSCH1, ABRAHAM CHORBAJIAN1, DAVID ZITSER1, VIKRANT RAI1,2,*
BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.12, pp. 1683-1702, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.056252
- 30 December 2024
Abstract Mixed cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive neoplastic proliferation of biliary tract epithelial cells, accounting for up to 20% of primary liver cancers. It is the second most common primary liver malignancy with a 5-year survivability of less than 10% at diagnosis and is associated with various inflammatory diseases. Current management involves systemic chemotherapy, targeted radiation, and surgical resection, but long-term survival remains low, especially for surgically unresectable cases. Novel discoveries and understandings of the tumor microenvironment reveal new opportunities for targeted therapies for cholangiocarcinoma. Specifically, new pharmaceuticals including cell-based vaccines, tumor-associated neutrophils, and hepatic… More >
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