Chenxuan Zhang, Yongqing Qi^*, Ximin Cao, Yanchi Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069878 - 27 January 2026

Abstract To enhance the low-carbon economic efficiency and increase the utilization of renewable energy within integrated energy systems (IES), this paper proposes a low-carbon dispatch model integrating power-to-gas (P2G), carbon capture and storage (CCS), hydrogen fuel cell (HFC), and combined heat and power (CHP). The P2G process is refined into a two-stage structure, and HFC is introduced to enhance hydrogen utilization. Together with CCS and CHP, these devices form a multi-energy conversion system coupling electricity, heat, cooling, and gas. A ladder-type carbon trading approach is adopted to flexibly manage carbon output by leveraging marginal cost adjustments.… More >

Jingshuai Pang^1,2, Songcen Wang¹, Hongyin Chen^1,2,*, Xiaoqiang Jia¹, Yi Guo¹, Ling Cheng¹, Xinhe Zhang¹, Jianfeng Li¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070256 - 27 December 2025

Abstract To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a low-carbon society, this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response. Firstly, a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity. The alternative DR enables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources, while the price DR relies on time-of-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration; Secondly, the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal… More >

Heping Qi, Wenyao Sun^*, Yi Zhao, Xiaoyi Qian, Xingyu Jiang

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069603 - 27 December 2025

Abstract Virtual power plant (VPP) integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions, promote the consumption of renewable energy, and improve economic efficiency. In this paper, aiming at the uncertainty of distributed wind power and photovoltaic output, considering the coupling relationship between power, carbon trading, and green card market, the optimal operation model and bidding scheme of VPP in spot market, carbon trading market, and green card market are established. On this basis, through the Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in cooperative game theory, the quantitative… More > Graphic Abstract

Aidong Zeng^1,2,*, Zirui Wang¹, Jiawei Wang ³, Sipeng Hao^1,2, Mingshen Wang⁴

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3793-3816, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069410 - 26 August 2025

Abstract With the intensification of the energy crisis and the worsening greenhouse effect, the development of sustainable integrated energy systems (IES) has become a crucial direction for energy transition. In this context, this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy under the green hydrogen certificate trading (GHCT) and the ladder-type carbon emission trading (CET) mechanism, enabling the coordinated utilization of green and blue hydrogen. Specifically, a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME) model that accounts for dynamic efficiency characteristics, and a steam methane reforming (SMR) model incorporating waste heat recovery, are developed. Based on these models, a… More > Graphic Abstract

Yunfeng Liu, Ximin Cao^*, Yanchi Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.7, pp. 2865-2890, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.065419 - 27 June 2025

Abstract Against the backdrop of China’s “dual-carbon” target, clean energy generation currently accounts for about 3.8 trillion kilowatt-hours, or 39.7 percent of total power generation, establishing a reasonable market trading mechanism while enhancing the low-carbon economic benefits of the integrated energy system (IES) and optimizing the interests of various entities within the distribution system has become a significant challenge. Consequently, this paper proposes an optimization strategy for a low-carbon economy within a multi-agent IES that considers carbon capture systems (CCS) and power-to-gas (P2G). In this framework, the integrated energy system operator (IESO) acts as the primary… More >

Zhiyuan Zhang¹, Yongjun Wu¹, Xiqin Li¹, Minghui Song¹, Guangwu Zhang², Ziren Wang^3,*, Wei Li³

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.5, pp. 1919-1948, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063178 - 25 April 2025

Abstract The park-level integrated energy system (PIES) is essential for achieving carbon neutrality by managing multi-energy supply and demand while enhancing renewable energy integration. However, current carbon trading mechanisms lack sufficient incentives for emission reductions, and traditional optimization algorithms often face challenges with convergence and local optima in complex PIES scheduling. To address these issues, this paper introduces a low-carbon dispatch strategy that combines a reward-penalty tiered carbon trading model with P2G-CCS integration, hydrogen utilization, and the Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA). Key innovations include: (1) A dynamic reward-penalty carbon trading mechanism with coefficients (μ = 0.2,… More >

Zhihui Feng¹, Jun Zhang¹, Jun Lu¹, Zhongdan Zhang¹, Wangwang Bai¹, Long Ma¹, Haonan Lu², Jie Lin^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1531-1560, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060795 - 31 March 2025

Abstract In the background of the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure, the problem of operational uncertainty caused by the high proportion of renewable energy sources and diverse loads in the integrated energy systems (IES) is becoming increasingly obvious. In this case, to promote the low-carbon operation of IES and renewable energy consumption, and to improve the IES anti-interference ability, this paper proposes an IES scheduling strategy that considers CCS-P2G and concentrating solar power (CSP) station. Firstly, CSP station, gas hydrogen doping mode and variable hydrogen doping ratio mode are applied to IES, and combined with… More >

Xinglong Chen, Ximin Cao^*, Qifan Huang, He Huang

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.11, pp. 3437-3460, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.053464 - 21 October 2024

Abstract To better reduce the carbon emissions of a park-integrated energy system (PIES), optimize the comprehensive operating cost, and smooth the load curve, a source-load flexible response model based on the comprehensive evaluation index is proposed. Firstly, a source-load flexible response model is proposed under the stepped carbon trading mechanism; the organic Rankine cycle is introduced into the source-side to construct a flexible response model with traditional combined heat and power (CHP) unit and electric boiler to realize the flexible response of CHP to load; and the load-side categorizes loads into transferable, interruptible, and substitutable loads… More >

Gang Wang^*, Yuedong Wu, Xiaoyi Qian, Yi Zhao

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.11, pp. 3417-3435, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.052268 - 21 October 2024

Abstract A robust scheduling optimization method for wind–fire storage system distribution based on the mixed carbon trading mechanism is proposed to improve the rationality of carbon emission quota allocation while reducing the instability of large-scale wind power access systems. A hybrid carbon trading mechanism that combines short-term and long-term carbon trading is constructed, and a fuzzy set based on Wasserstein measurement is proposed to address the uncertainty of wind power access. Moreover, a robust scheduling optimization method for wind–fire storage systems is formed. Results of the multi scenario comparative analysis of practical cases show that the More >

Jingyu Li^1,2, Mushui Wang^1,2,*, Zhaoyuan Wu^1,3, Guizhen Tian^1,2, Na Zhang^1,2, Guangchen Liu^1,2

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.3, pp. 619-641, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.044862 - 27 February 2024

Abstract Given the “double carbon” objective and the drive toward low-carbon power, investigating the integration and interaction within the carbon-electricity market can enhance renewable energy utilization and facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction endeavors. However, further research is necessary to explore operational optimization methods for establishing a regional energy system using Power-to-Hydrogen (P2H) technology, focusing on participating in combined carbon-electricity market transactions. This study introduces an innovative Electro-Hydrogen Regional Energy System (EHRES) in this context. This system integrates renewable energy sources, a P2H system, cogeneration units, and energy storage devices. The core purpose of this integration… More > Graphic Abstract