Yong Huang¹, Xiandeng Li¹, Qingling Jing¹, Qin Zhang¹, Chungui Huang^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.11, pp. 2195-2216, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.072716 - 24 November 2025

Abstract Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important cells in bone tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) effectively treats bone defects and nonunion. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether BMP-2 promotes bone formation and femoral fracture healing by inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, in order to provide an experimental basis for developing more efficient fracture treatment strategies. Methods: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were isolated from rats and treated with OE-BMP-2, the 5^′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), and the inhibitor Compound C. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated through… More >

Guanghai Fei^*, Yue Zhang

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.011869

Abstract The regeneration of large-segment bone defects remains a significant challenge in orthopedics. Synthetic bone implants offer a promising solution; however, existing implants struggle to accurately replicate the heterogeneity and graded porosity of natural bone tissue while also failing to meet patients' individualized needs. Leveraging stereolithography-based 3D printing, we developed a halftoning grayscale 3D printing strategy for the precise fabrication of bone scaffolds with complex structures and graded porosity, closely mimicking natural bone tissue. This research focuses on optimizing both the 3D printing process and the performance of graded porous biomimetic bone scaffolds. More >

Ya-Yi Chen^1,2, Tzu-Ting Chen³, Ya-Hsuan Chao⁴, Wen-Ho Chuo⁵, Chieh-Shan Wu^6,7, Ruo-Han Tseng^8,*, Chieh-Chen Huang^9,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1733-1748, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.067011 - 25 September 2025

Abstract Objectives: Professional antigen-presenting cells known as dendritic cells (DCs) assist as a connection between the innate and adaptive components of the immune response. DCs are attractive targets for immunomodulatory drugs because of their crucial function in triggering immunity. This study set out to examine, for the first time, how hibifolin affected mouse bone-marrow derived (BMDCs) dendritic cells, triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Additionally, a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) was used to assess its possible therapeutic effects in vivo. Methods: LPS was administered to BMDCs with or without hibifolin. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II,… More >

Hazem Farah¹, Akram Bennour^1,*, Hama Soltani¹, Mouaaz Nahas², Rashiq Rafiq Marie³, Mohammed Al-Sarem^3,4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3335-3348, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067226 - 23 September 2025

Abstract This study presents an advanced method for post-mortem person identification using the segmentation of skeletal structures from chest X-ray images. The proposed approach employs the Attention U-Net architecture, enhanced with gated attention mechanisms, to refine segmentation by emphasizing spatially relevant anatomical features while suppressing irrelevant details. By isolating skeletal structures which remain stable over time compared to soft tissues, this method leverages bones as reliable biometric markers for identity verification. The model integrates custom-designed encoder and decoder blocks with attention gates, achieving high segmentation precision. To evaluate the impact of architectural choices, we conducted an… More >

Xiaobing Zhou^1,#, Ying Li^2,#, Zizi Jing¹, Wei Yu¹, Jianbin Chen^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.9, pp. 2399-2420, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.063700 - 28 August 2025

Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains a formidable clinical challenge due to its high relapse rate and resistance to existing therapies. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ), a nuclear receptor critical for cellular energy metabolism, has been implicated in various cancers. but its role in MM remains unclear. Methods: ERRγ expression was assessed using bioinformatics and RT-qPCR. Functional studies were conducted through siRNA-mediated ERRγ knockdown and treatment with the inverse agonist GSK5182 to examine their effects on MM cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results: ERRγ was significantly upregulated in the bone marrow of MM patients, correlating with advanced clinical stages… More > Graphic Abstract

Weiwei Chen¹, Xiaodie Zhou², Huiyu Li¹, Yuchen Yang¹, Lu Lu¹, Chunyan Zhu¹, Rong Fang¹, Xiaoyuan Chu¹, Shuping Zhou^3,*, Qian Sun^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.8, pp. 2123-2139, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.063484 - 18 July 2025

Abstract Background: Primary bone marrow diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PBM-DLBCL) represents an uncommon yet clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy. Despite its significant clinical impact, this entity lacks standardized diagnostic criteria in current WHO classifications. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 55 PBM-DLBCL cases from our institutional database and published literature (2001–2022) to characterize disease features and identify prognostic factors, with particular focus on assessing how different treatment regimens influence therapeutic efficacy and long-term outcomes. Results: The data suggested a potential link between international prognostic index (IPI) scores and poorer survival, albeit without conclusive statistical evidence (p = More >

LIWEN FENG^1,2,#,*, YUTING CHEN^3,#, WENYI JIN⁴

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.5, pp. 1091-1103, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.054207 - 18 April 2025

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent primary bone malignancy with limited treatment options. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate and understand the mechanisms underlying OS pathogenesis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are markedly abundant in tumor stromal cells and are essentially involved in the modulation of tumor occurrence and development. In recent years, CAFs have become a hotspot as researchers aim to elucidate CAF mechanisms that regulate tumor progression. However, most studies on CAFs are limited to a few common cancers, and their association with OS remains elusive. This review describes the role and current knowledge of CAFs More >

CHRISTINA LOH¹, YUQI ZHENG¹, ISLAM ALZOUBI², KIMBERLEY L. ALEXANDER^3,4, MAGGIE LEE⁴, WEI-DONG CAI², YANG SONG⁵, KERRIE MCDONALD⁶, ANNA K. NOWAK⁷, RICHARD B. BANATI^8,9, MANUEL B. GRAEBER^1,4,10,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 937-950, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056436 - 19 March 2025

Abstract Background: Microglia and brain macrophages contribute significantly to the tumor microenvironment in highly malignant glioblastoma where they are considered important drivers of tumor progression. A better understanding of the role of the brain macrophages present in glioblastoma appears crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes, especially in the context of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Methods: We investigated the regulation of two well-established markers for microglia and brain macrophages, IBA1 and CD163, in relation to glioblastoma tumor necrosis using immunohistochemistry and modality fusion heatmaps of whole slide images obtained from adjacent tissue sections. Results: IBA1 and CD163 showed remarkable differences… More >

HYE IN KA^#, SE HWAN MUN^#, SORA HAN^#, YOUNG YANG^*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 519-531, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056860 - 28 February 2025

Abstract Osteosarcoma is a bone malignancy characterized by strong invasiveness and rapid disease progression. The tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma contains various types of immune cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages, T cells, and B cells. Imbalances of these immune cells can promote the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Recent studies have indicated a substantial increase in the levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, an immune cell associated with immunosuppressive and pro-cancer effects, in the peripheral blood of patients with osteosarcoma. Moreover, the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 18 are positively correlated with those of myeloid-derived suppressor More >

Hsien-Tsung Lu^1,2, Ching-Chi Hsu^3,*, Qi-Quan Jian³, Wei-Ting Chen⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.2, pp. 1883-1898, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.057675 - 27 January 2025

Abstract Reconstruction of a traumatic distal femur defect remains a therapeutic challenge. Bone defect implants have been proposed to substitute the bone defect, and their biomechanical performances can be analyzed via a numerical approach. However, the material assumptions for past computational human femur simulations were mainly homogeneous. Thus, this study aimed to design and analyze scaffolds for reconstructing the distal femur defect using a patient-specific finite element modeling technique. A three-dimensional finite element model of the human femur with accurate geometry and material distribution was developed using the finite element method and material mapping technique. An… More > Graphic Abstract