Xin Zhang*, Mingming Yao, Daiwen He, Jihong Zhang, Peihong Yang, Xiaoming Zhang
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 349-378, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.057676
- 27 December 2024
Abstract In this paper, a bilevel optimization model of an integrated energy operator (IEO)–load aggregator (LA) is constructed to address the coordinate optimization challenge of multiple stakeholder island integrated energy system (IIES). The upper level represents the integrated energy operator, and the lower level is the electricity-heat-gas load aggregator. Owing to the benefit conflict between the upper and lower levels of the IIES, a dynamic pricing mechanism for coordinating the interests of the upper and lower levels is proposed, combined with factors such as the carbon emissions of the IIES, as well as the lower load… More >
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