LUCIANA SABOYA^1,2, KEINI BUOSI¹, TIAGO SILVA², ELAINE CANDIDO¹, JOSIANE MORARI³, LICIO A. VELLOSO³, SHAHROKH F. SHARIAT^4,5,6,7, MARCUS V. SADI², LEONARDO O. REIS^1,8,9,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.6, pp. 1495-1503, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.061812 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Objective: To determine the safety and the role of modulating cytokines and proteases in the immune response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) when primed with systemic intradermal BCG. Methods: Phase 1 and mechanistic longitudinal, prospective, single-blind randomized study (NCT04806178). Twenty-one non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer patients undergoing intravesical adjuvant BCG after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in a teaching hospital between September 2021 and April 2023 were randomized to 0.1 mL of intradermal BCG vaccine or placebo (0.9% saline) administered 15 days before the start of intravesical BCG therapy. Blood samples were evaluated mechanistically… More >

BELARDINILLI FRANCESCA^1,#, MICHELA DE MEO^1,#, FRANCESCO DEL GIUDICE², CARLO MARIA SCORNAJENGHI², PAOLA GAZZANIGA¹, ETTORE DE BERARDINIS², LUCA MARINO³, FABIO MASSIMO MAGLIOCCA⁴, BENJAMIN INBEH CHUNG⁵, JAN ŁASZKIEWICZ⁶, VALENTINA MAGRI⁴, GIUSEPPE GIANNINI^1,7, CHIARA NICOLAZZO^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 723-731, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056282 - 28 February 2025

Abstract Objectives: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is a gold standard for patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Although a long-lasting therapeutic response is observed in most patients, BCG failure occurs in 30%–50% of patients and a progression to muscle-invasive disease is found in 10%–15%. Therefore, predicting high-risk patients who might not benefit from BCG treatment is critical. The purpose of this study was to identify, whether the presence of specific oncogenic mutations might be indicative of BCG treatment response. Methods: Nineteen high-grade NMIBC patients who received intravesical BCG were retrospectively enrolled and divided… More > Graphic Abstract

Nikita Jain¹, Vedika Gupta^1,*, Chinmay Chakraborty², Agam Madan¹, Deepali Virmani³, Lorenzo Salas-Morera⁴, Laura Garcia-Hernandez⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 213-231, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.016424 - 07 September 2021

Abstract COVID-19 has become one of the critical health issues globally, which surfaced first in latter part of the year 2019. It is the topmost concern for many nations’ governments as the contagious virus started mushrooming over adjacent regions of infected areas. In 1980, a vaccine called Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was introduced for preventing tuberculosis and lung cancer. Countries that have made the BCG vaccine mandatory have witnessed a lesser COVID-19 fatality rate than the countries that have not made it compulsory. This paper’s initial research shows that the countries with a long-term compulsory BCG vaccination… More >

Alvaro Morales

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.24, No.3, pp. 8788-8793, 2017

Abstract Introduction: It is 40 years since the initial documentation of the efficacy of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and probably an opportune a time as any to retrace the origins of this development and to reflect on the progress that has occurred on the use of immune modifiers in the treatment of NMIBC.
Materials and methods: A PubMed search for publications on the history of BCG was conducted, and those related to the development of the vaccine for protection against tuberculosis as well as those published in the last 40… More >

Brian E. Weiss¹, Eugene J. Pietzak², Alan J. Wein², S. Bruce Malkowicz², Thomas J. Guzzo²

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.22, No.4, pp. 7876-7881, 2015

Abstract Introduction: This study sought to determine if the addition of perioperative mitomycin C (MMC) to treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) after transurethral resection (TURBT) is superior to TURBT plus BCG alone in high grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
Materials and methods: Data for 719 patients diagnosed with NMIBC at the University of Pennsylvania Health System between 1977 and 2009 was reviewed retrospectively. Of these patients, 120 had high grade disease and were treated with either BCG alone or with a single instillation of 40 mg of MMC perioperatively in addition to BCG and were thus included… More >

Nathan Hoag¹, Peter J. Pommerville¹, Pamela C. Kibsey², Douglas J. Cavers³, Richard J. Eddy⁴

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.16, No.2, pp. 4589-4591, 2009

Abstract Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of superfi cial bladder cancer. BCG is administered as a live, attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis, and acts as an immunomodulary agent to delay tumor progression. BCG is generally well tolerated, though localized and systemic infectious complications may occur. A literature search revealed that tuberculous epididymitis is a rarely reported complication of intravesical BCG therapy. We report the case of an 82-year-old male who developed tuberculous epididymitis while undergoing intravesical BCG treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Right orchiectomy More >

Jennifer M. Pugliese, Richard N. Greene, Andrew C. Peterson

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.16, No.6, pp. 4927-4931, 2009

Abstract Purpose: We examined patterns of intravesical therapy use in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer over the last 10 years at our institution where there is equal access to healthcare. We further examined any affect that the introduction of national guidelines may have had on the utilization of intravesical therapy in these patients.
Materials and methods: An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective chart review was performed between the years 1997 and 2007. Only those with premalignant or malignant pathology, as identified using intradepartmental surgical logs and pathology reports, were included.
Results: Four hundred seventeen procedures, representing 228 patients, were… More >

A. Hameed, N. Sezian, A. Thwaini

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.14, No.6, pp. 3745-3749, 2007

Abstract Introduction: We are reporting a case of bladder contracture post intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy; to our knowledge only two cases were reported. We present the clinical history/presentation, investigation and the outcome of the treatment. Approximately 75%-85% of patients with bladder cancer present with disease confined to the mucosa (stage Ta-CIS) or submucosa (stage T1). The management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer has become more complex with regard to initial investigation, treatment and follow-up. In high-grade tumors, BCG therapy has proven to be superior to intravesical chemotherapy. BCG therapy prevents, or at least delays, tumor progression.… More >

Sanoj P. Punnen, Joseph L. Chin, Michael A. S. Jewett

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.2, pp. 1790-1795, 2003

Abstract Introduction and objective: BCG is the most efficacious intravesical treatment for superficial bladder cancer. However, 30%-40% of tumors are refractory. BCG failure is an indication for cystectomy but several salvage intravesical (IVe) strategies have been proposed. Early results with reduced dose BCG in combination with IFN-α in patients are currently the most promising. We have adopted this approach and now report our preliminary results. This is the first report of this salvage therapy from Canada, the birthplace of IVe BCG therapy for superficial bladder cancer.
Methods: The “O’Donnell protocol” of reduced dose IVe BCG plus IFN-α was… More >