DIMITRA P. VAGELI1,2,*, PANAGIOTIS G. DOUKAS3, KERASIA GOUPOU2, ANTONIOS D. BENOS2, KYRIAKI ASTARA2,4, KONSTANTINA ZACHAROULI2, SOTIRIS SOTIRIOU5, MARIA IOANNOU2
Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.8, pp. 1239-1256, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.052130
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by extensive heterogeneity and vascular proliferation. Hypoxic conditions in the tissue microenvironment are considered a pivotal player leading tumor progression. Specifically, hypoxia is known to activate inducible factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α), which in turn can stimulate tumor neo-angiogenesis through activation of various downward mediators, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here, we aimed to explore the role of HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes alone and in combination with other prognostic markers or clinical and image analysis data, as potential biomarkers of GBM prognosis… More >
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