Ana Hermosilla^1,2,*, Jorge Gallego-Madrid¹, Pedro Martinez-Julia³, Jordi Ortiz⁴, Ved P. Kafle³, Antonio Skarmeta^1,2

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.2, pp. 1447-1471, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.053379 - 27 September 2024

Abstract As 5th Generation (5G) and Beyond 5G (B5G) networks become increasingly prevalent, ensuring not only network security but also the security and reliability of the applications, the so-called network applications, becomes of paramount importance. This paper introduces a novel integrated model architecture, combining a network application validation framework with an AI-driven reactive system to enhance security in real-time. The proposed model leverages machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to dynamically monitor and respond to security threats, effectively mitigating potential risks before they impact the network infrastructure. This dual approach not only validates the functionality… More >

Pablo Fernández Saura^1,*, José M. Bernabé Murcia¹, Emilio García de la Calera Molina¹, Alejandro Molina Zarca², Jorge Bernal Bernabé¹, Antonio F. Skarmeta Gómez¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.1, pp. 163-193, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051307 - 18 July 2024

Abstract The management of network intelligence in Beyond 5G (B5G) networks encompasses the complex challenges of scalability, dynamicity, interoperability, privacy, and security. These are essential steps towards achieving the realization of truly ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based analytics, empowering seamless integration across the entire Continuum (Edge, Fog, Core, Cloud). This paper introduces a Federated Network Intelligence Orchestration approach aimed at scalable and automated Federated Learning (FL)-based anomaly detection in B5G networks. By leveraging a horizontal Federated learning approach based on the FedAvg aggregation algorithm, which employs a deep autoencoder model trained on non-anomalous traffic samples to recognize… More >

Doaa Sami Khafaga¹, Zongming Lv², Imran Khan^3,4, Shebnam M. Sefat⁵, Amel Ali Alhussan^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.3, pp. 3723-3740, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.039956 - 26 December 2023

Abstract With the capacities of self-learning, acquainted capacities, high-speed looking for ideal arrangements, solid nonlinear fitting, and mapping self-assertively complex nonlinear relations, neural systems have made incredible advances and accomplished broad application over the final half-century. As one of the foremost conspicuous methods for fake insights, neural systems are growing toward high computational speed and moo control utilization. Due to the inborn impediments of electronic gadgets, it may be troublesome for electronic-implemented neural systems to make the strides these two exhibitions encourage. Optical neural systems can combine optoelectronic procedures and neural organization models to provide ways… More >

Elsaid Md. Abdelrahim^1,2, Mona Alduailij³, Mai Alduailij³, Romany F. Mansour^4,*, Osama A. Ghoneim⁵

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.2, pp. 1493-1505, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.037976 - 28 July 2023

Abstract Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that use the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band have a higher frequency and more antennas, which leads to significant path loss, high power consumption, and server interference. Due to these issues, the spectrum efficiency is significantly reduced, making spectral efficiency improvement an important research topic for 5G communication. Together with communication in the terahertz (THz) bands, mmWave communication is currently a component of the 5G standards and is seen as a solution to the commercial bandwidth shortage. The quantity of continuous, mostly untapped bandwidth in the 30–300 GHz band has presented a rare… More >

Ratih Hikmah Puspita¹, Jehad Ali^1,*, Byeong-hee Roh²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.2, pp. 4611-4631, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033598 - 31 March 2023

Abstract 5G use cases, for example enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and an ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), need a network architecture capable of sustaining stringent latency and bandwidth requirements; thus, it should be extremely flexible and dynamic. Slicing enables service providers to develop various network slice architectures. As users travel from one coverage region to another area, the call must be routed to a slice that meets the same or different expectations. This research aims to develop and evaluate an algorithm to make handover decisions appearing in 5G sliced networks. Rules of… More >

K. B. Ajeyprasaath, P. Vetrivelan^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 1919-1939, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036013 - 06 February 2023

Abstract Recently, the combination of video services and 5G networks have been gaining attention in the wireless communication realm. With the brisk advancement in 5G network usage and the massive popularity of three-dimensional video streaming, the quality of experience (QoE) of video in 5G systems has been receiving overwhelming significance from both customers and service provider ends. Therefore, effectively categorizing QoE-aware video streaming is imperative for achieving greater client satisfaction. This work makes the following contribution: First, a simulation platform based on NS-3 is introduced to analyze and improve the performance of video services. The simulation… More >

Hoonyong Park¹, TaeGuen Kim¹, Daniel Gerbi Duguma¹, Jiyoon Kim², Ilsun You^2,*, Willy Susilo³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1145-1165, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.032044 - 03 November 2022

Abstract Network operators are attempting many innovations and changes in 5G using self-organizing networks (SON). The SON operates on the measurement reports (MR), which are obtained from user equipment (UE) and secured against malware and userspace programs. However, the synchronization signal block that the UE relies on to measure the wireless environment configured by a base station is not authenticated. As a result, the UE will likely gauge the wrong wireless environment configured by a false base station (FBS) and transmit the corresponding MR to the serving base station, which poisons the data used for 5G… More >

Fahad R. Albogamy¹, M. A. Aiyashi², Fazirul Hisyam Hashim³, Imran Khan⁴, Bong Jun Choi^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 3249-3261, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031673 - 31 October 2022

Abstract The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) method is a novel multiple access technique that aims to increase spectral efficiency (SE) and accommodate enormous user accesses. Multi-user signals are superimposed and transmitted in the power domain at the transmitting end by actively implementing controllable interference information, and multi-user detection algorithms, such as successive interference cancellation (SIC), are performed at the receiving end to demodulate the necessary user signals. Although its basic signal waveform, like LTE baseline, could be based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-spread OFDM, NOMA superimposes numerous users in… More >

Aqsa Aqdus¹, Rashid Amin^1,*, Sadia Ramzan¹, Sultan S. Alshamrani², Abdullah Alshehri³, El-Sayed M. El-kenawy⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 1413-1435, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031719 - 22 September 2022

Abstract The rapid advancement of wireless communication is forming a hyper-connected 5G network in which billions of linked devices generate massive amounts of data. The traffic control and data forwarding functions are decoupled in software-defined networking (SDN) and allow the network to be programmable. Each switch in SDN keeps track of forwarding information in a flow table. The SDN switches must search the flow table for the flow rules that match the packets to handle the incoming packets. Due to the obvious vast quantity of data in data centres, the capacity of the flow table restricts… More >

Borja Bordel^1,*, Ramón Alcarria¹, Joaquin Chung², Rajkumar Kettimuthu², Tomás Robles¹, Iván Armuelles³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 855-880, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.026787 - 22 September 2022

Abstract Future components to enhance the basic, native security of 5G networks are either complex mechanisms whose impact in the requiring 5G communications are not considered, or lightweight solutions adapted to ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) but whose security properties remain under discussion. Although different 5G network slices may have different requirements, in general, both visions seem to fall short at provisioning secure URLLC in the future. In this work we address this challenge, by introducing cost-security functions as a method to evaluate the performance and adequacy of most developed and employed non-native enhanced security mechanisms in… More >