Maya Ismayati^1,*, Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat¹, Fifi Melinda Setiawati², Wasrin Syafii², Yuki Tobimatsu³, Deni Zulfiana⁴

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1625-1637, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.054739

Abstract Tannins are capable of producing natural dyes with antioxidant and antibacterial propertis, while synthetic dyes are commonly used in the textile industry, causing environmental issues like water pollution. This research aims to utilize waste tannins as natural dyes as an alternative to synthetic dyes. This study examined the effect of the extraction method on tannin properties such as phenolic content, antioxidants, and antibacterial activity. In addition, Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography‒Mass Spectrometry (Py-GCMS) analysis was used to identify the effect of extraction temperature on the chemical elucidation of tannin. The effect of tannin concentration was evaluated against… More > Graphic Abstract

Heru Suryanto^1,2,*, Daimon Syukri³, Fredy Kurniawan⁴, Uun Yanuhar⁵, Joseph Selvi Binoj⁶, Sahrul Efendi², Fajar Nusantara², Jibril Maulana⁷, Nico Rahman Caesar⁵, Komarudin Komarudin²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1605-1624, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.054047

Abstract Utilizing biomass waste as a potential resource for cellulose production holds promise in mitigating environmental consequences. The current study aims to utilize pineapple biowaste extract in producing bacterial cellulose acetate-based membranes with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles) through the fermentation and esterification process and explore its characteristics. The bacterial cellulose fibrillation used a high-pressure homogenization procedure, and membranes were developed incorporating 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 wt.% of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as magnetic nanoparticle for functionalization. The membrane characteristics were measured in terms of Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, antibacterial activity, bacterial… More > Graphic Abstract

Remon Lapisa^1,2, Anna Niska Fauza^1,*, Dieter Rahmadiawan^1,3, Krismadinata², Dori Yuvenda^1,2, Randi Purnama Putra^1,2, Waskito¹, Nandy Putra⁴, Hairul Abral⁵

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1593-1603, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.053651

Abstract Cellulose-based film has gained popularity as an alternative to synthetic polymers due to its outstanding properties. Among all types of cellulose materials available, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has great potential to be utilized in a diverse range of applications, including as a film material. In this study, CNF biocomposite film was prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix and Uncaria gambir extract as a filler. This study aims to investigate the effect of Uncaria gambir extract on the optical properties and thermal stability of the produced film. The formation of the CNF biocomposite films was confirmed… More >

Samar El-Mekkawi¹, Wafaa Abou-Elseoud², Shaimaa Fadel², Enas Hassan², Mohammad Hassan^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1573-1591, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.053589

Abstract Recycling of paper sludge waste is crucial for establishing a sustainable green industry. This waste contains valuable sugars that can be converted into important chemicals such as ethanol, poly hydroxybutyrate, and lactic acid. However, the main challenge in obtaining sugars in high yield from paper sludge is the high crystallinity of cellulose, which hinders hydrolysis. To address this, pretreatment using phosphoric acid was optimized using response surface methodology to facilitate cellulose hydrolysis with minimal energy and chemicals. The created prediction model using the response surface method considered factors such as acid concentration (ranging from 60%… More > Graphic Abstract

Aline Ferreira Knihs, Larissa Klen Aragão, Miguel Angelo Granato, Andrea Cristiane Krause Bierhalz^*, Rita de Cassia Siqueira Curto Valle

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1557-1571, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052963

Abstract The textile industry generates large volumes of waste throughout its production process. Most of this waste is colored, therefore, discoloration is an important step toward recycling and reusing this waste. This study focused on the chemical reductive discoloration of textile waste composed of cotton dyed with reactive dye. The experimental design demonstrated the significant influence of the concentration of reducing agent and time of reaction on the degree of whiteness of the cotton fibers. The concentration of the alkaline agent was not significant in the process. The optimization of the reaction conditions lead to Berger… More > Graphic Abstract

Agatha E. R. Prado Gárate^1,2, Fernando E. Felissia², María Cristina Area², Teresa Suirezs³, María Evangelina Vallejos^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1541-1555, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052481

Abstract Non-traditional lignocellulosic materials are a significant resource for producing high-value products, including nanocellulose. This work studied the nanocellulose obtention from chemical pulps of the two fast-growing bamboo species, Guadua trinii, and Guadua angustifolia. Chemical pulps were produced by soda-anthraquinone (S) pulping from both autohydrolysis-pretreated (H) and unpretreated bamboo chips. Autohydrolysis-pretreated (SHP) and unpretreated soda-anthraquinone (AQ) (SP) pulps were characterized by yield, Kappa number, alpha, beta, and gamma cellulose, degree of polymerization, water retention value, and crystallinity. The nanocellulose was produced by a sequential chemical oxidation treatment (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, TEMPO reagent) and mechanical nanofibrillation. Nanocellulose was characterized by carboxylic… More > Graphic Abstract

Ananda S. Amarasekara^1,2,*, Gabriel Murillo Morales^1,2, Raghava R. Kommalapati^2,3

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1495-1506, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052373

Abstract Renewable resources based polymers provides a sustainable alternative to petroleum derived polymeric materials. As a part of our series on synthesis of vanillin based renewable polymers, we report the synthesis of poly(hydrovanilloin-furfural) [poly(HVL-Fur)] and poly(hydrovanilloin–5-hydromethylfurfural) [poly(HVL-5-HMF)]. Vanillin was dimerized to a mixtures of meso/DL-hydrovanilloins with 94% meso product by electrochemical reductive coupling in aqueous sodium hydroxide using lead electrodes in quantitative yield. Then sodium hydroxide catalyzed condensation of hydrovanilloin with furfural in water at 80°C for 72 h was used to synthesize poly(HVL-Fur) with Mw = 8600 g mol⁻¹, PDI = 1.28 in 78% yield. Similarly, condensation of hydrovanilloin More > Graphic Abstract

Annesha Kar¹, Niranjan Karak^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1507-1540, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052220

Abstract The pursuit of incorporating eco-friendly reinforcing agents in polymer composites has accentuated the exploration of various natural biomass-derived materials. The burgeoning environmental crisis spurred by the discharge of synthetic dyes into wastewater has catalyzed the search for effective and sustainable treatment technologies. Among the various sorbent materials explored, biochar, being renewable, has gained prominence due to its excellent adsorption properties and environmental sustainability. It has also emerged as a focal point for its potential to replace other conventional reinforcing agents, viz., fumed silica, aluminum oxide, treated clays, etc. This study introduces a novel class of… More > Graphic Abstract

Ming Ni¹, Lei Li¹, Yiqiang Wu^1,*, Jianzheng Qiao¹, Yan Qing¹, Ping Li², Yingfeng Zuo^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.8, pp. 1355-1368, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.054050

Abstract Furfurylated wood exhibits excellent dimensional stability and corrosion resistance, making it a promising material for constructing buildings, but it is highly flammable. Herein, flame-retardant furfurylated poplar wood was produced via a two-step process utilizing boric acid (BA) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) as flame-retardant components, and biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol (FA) as a modifier. The acidity of BA and ADP allowed them to catalyze the polymerization of FA, which formed a cross-linked network that immobilized BA and ADP inside the wood. The addition of BA/ADP substantially delayed the time to ignition from 10 to 385 s More > Graphic Abstract

Johannes Fehrmann^1,*, Benoit Belleville¹, Barbara Ozarska¹, Maya Ismayati², Wahyu Dwianto²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.8, pp. 1475-1493, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.053741

Abstract This study explored the thermo-chemical properties of industrial hemp hurd with different provenances, maturity stages, and retting protocols. The findings were then compared to hemp hurd used in the fabrication of citric acid-bonded ultra-low-density hemp hurd particleboard. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to document the variability of the hurd and comprehend the potential impact on biobased composite applications. The choice of cultivar, maturity stage, and processing modality significantly influenced the chemical composition, presence of functional groups, and thermal stability of the hurd. Py-GC/MS revealed substantial variations… More > Graphic Abstract