Open Access

ARTICLE

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve Drought Tolerance of Quinoa Grown in Compost-Amended Soils by Altering Primary and Secondary Metabolite Levels

Wissal Benaffari^1,2,3, Fatima-Ezzahra Soussani^1,2,4, Abderrahim Boutasknit^1,2,5, Salma Toubali^1,2,3, Abir Ben Hassine³, Hala Ben Ahmed³, Rachid Lahlali^7,*, Abdelilah Meddich^1,2,6,*

1 Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco
2 Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakech, 40000, Morocco
3 Tunisian-Moroccan laboratories (LMTM) of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology and Climate Change LPBV2C, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
4 Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant, Animal, and Agro-Industry Productions, University Ibn Toufail, Kenitra, 14000, Morocco
5 Department of Biology, Pluridisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed First University, B.P. 300, Seloune, Nador, 62700, Morocco
6 Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, 70000, Morocco
7 Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BPS/40, Meknès, 50001, Morocco

* Corresponding Authors: Rachid Lahlali. Email: ; Abdelilah Meddich. Email: