Open Access

ARTICLE

Variation in the Composition of the Essential Oil of Commercial Salvia officinalis L. Leaves Samples from Different Countries

by Ain Raal^1,*, Anne Orav², Tetiana Ilina³, Alla Kovalyova⁴, Taras Koliadzhyn³, Yuliia Avidzba⁵, Oleh Koshovyi^1,4,*

1 Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
2 Institute of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
3 The Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Drug Technology and Pharmacognosy, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
4 The Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
5 The Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine

* Corresponding Authors: Ain Raal. Email: ; Oleh Koshovyi. Email:

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024, 93(8), 2051-2062. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2024.052790

Received 15 April 2024; Accepted 19 July 2024; Issue published 30 August 2024

Abstract

Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) leaves and its essential oil is used for mouth and throat disorders, skin disorders, minor wounds, and gastrointestinal disorders, and is widely used worldwide. The research aimed to conduct a comparative study of the composition of S. officinalis essential oils from commercial samples, and their main chemotypes. The volatile constituents from S. officinalis leaves were investigated using gas chromatography (GC). The commercial samples of sage leaves were obtained from retail pharmacies in nine mainly European countries. The yield of essential oil in S. officinalis commercial leaves was between 10.0 and 24.8 mL/kg. The principal components (>5%) among the main identified 25 compounds were 1,8-cineole (8.3%–45.3%), α-thujone (3.0%–34.0%), сamphor (11.3%–29.3%), β-thujone (1.5%–12.9%), viridiflorol (1.1%–10.4%), camphene (2.6%–7.1%), and α-pinene (1.3%–5.8%). In seven (Estonia, England, France, Hungary, Belgium, Ukraine, Georgia) samples α-thujone dominated. Four samples (Estonia, Georgia, England, Hungary) belong to the most common chemotype α-thujone > camphor > 1,8-cineole. Eight chemotypes of S. officinalis essential oils have been found. Toxic thujones are widespread compounds among them.

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