Open Access

ARTICLE

Chemically Mediated Interactions between Grapevine, Aphid, Ladybird, and Ant in the Context of Insect Chemical Ecology

Taghreed Alsufyani^1,*, Noura J. Alotaibi², Nour Houda M’sakni¹, Mona A. Almalki¹, Eman M. Alghamdi³

1 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
3 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Taghreed Alsufyani. Email: