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REVIEW

Lili Guo¹, Huiwen Yu^2,3,*, Chenxi Zhang¹, Mourad Kharbach⁴
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3131-3149, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058622 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants: Physio-biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms)
Abstract Rice is a crucial food crop globally. Soil salt stress has adverse effects on the physiology and biochemistry of rice, leading to ionic toxicity and disrupted metabolism. Research aimed at improving salt tolerance and understanding its underlying mechanisms in rice is becoming increasingly important. Phytohormones are crucial in managing rice’s reaction to salt stress by controlling its physiological and biochemical functions. Some phytohormones can improve salt tolerance in rice by affecting gene programming, protein expression, and salt stress signaling, thereby helping rice adapt to salt-stressed environments. This review highlights recent advancements in understanding how various More >

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REVIEW

Yuriy E. Kolupaev^1,2,*, Tetiana O. Yastreb^1,*, Alexander P. Dmitriev³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3151-3195, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057922 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Regulation of Phytohormone Biosynthesis and Signaling)
Abstract Stomatal closure, which serves to limit water loss, represents one of the most rapid and critical reactions of plants, occurring not only in response to drought but also to a range of other stressors, including salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metals, gaseous toxicants, and pathogen infection. ABA is considered to be the main regulator of stomatal movements in plants under abiotic stress. In the last two decades, however, the list of plant hormones and other physiologically active substances that affect stomatal status has expanded considerably. It is believed that stomata are regulated by a complex multicomponent… More >

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REVIEW

Xinyi Liu^1,4, Muhammed Nadeem¹, Yukui Rui^1,2,3,4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3197-3216, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.059281 - 31 December 2024
Abstract Compared with conventional fertilizers, nano fertilizer has many advantages such as controlled release, controlled or slow release of nutrients, high efficiency of nutrition use, cheap, and little polluting of the environment. The use of fertilizers with nanotechnology is a new field in agriculture, and it is a promising and cost-effective substitute for conventional fertilizers to improve the productivity of the world’s food supply. Photosynthesis is an essential biochemical reaction on Earth. Improving photosynthesis, the basic process for light’s transformation into chemical energy is one of the most important areas of research for improving agricultural output… More >

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REVIEW

Pratyush Kumar Das¹, Satyabrata Nanda^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3217-3235, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057956 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses Signals on Plants and their Performance at Different Environments)
Abstract Insect pests cause severe crop damage, resulting in substantial economic losses and threats to global food security. Conventional insecticides are low-cost chemical agents that kill the target insects and some non-specific beneficial organisms. Due to their toxic and non-biodegradable nature, these conventional insecticides persist in the environment, thus causing pollution and accumulating in the food chain. The development of novel insecticidal products based on double-stranded (dsRNA)-based RNA interference (RNAi) technology is a sustainable tool to effectively control insect pests. The dsRNA-based insecticides are known for their specificity, non-toxicity, and biodegradability. The current review introduces the… More >

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REVIEW

Ragini Singh¹, Noushina Iqbal^1,*, Shahid Umar^1,*, Sayeed Ahmad²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3237-3271, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057189 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses Signals on Plants and their Performance at Different Environments)
Abstract Lignans are a prominent group of phenolic compounds ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, playing a critical role in both plant physiology and human health. Structurally they are characterized by the dimerization of two phenylpropane units to attain diverse chemical configurations that contribute to their wide range of biological activities. In plants, lignans function primarily as defense molecules, protecting against pathogens, herbivores, and environmental stressors. These compounds also participate in plant growth regulation and lignification processes. From a nutritional and medicinal perspective, lignans are valued for their significant health benefits. They act as phytoestrogens,… More >

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ARTICLE

Huiru Deng^#, Huan Tian^#, Liuyan Yang, Siyang Ou, Hui Wang, Guangdong Geng^*, Suqin Zhang^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3273-3291, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058638 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants: Physio-biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms)
Abstract Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum var. conoides) is a significant vegetable that is widely cultivated around the world. Currently, global climate change has caused frequent severe weather events, and waterlogging stress harms the pepper industry by affecting the planting period, growth conditions, and disease susceptibility. The gene CaABI3/VP1-1 could improve pepper waterlogging tolerance. In order to explore the upstream regulatory mechanism of CaABI3/VP1-1, a high-quality standardized yeast hybrid library was successfully constructed for yeast one-, two-, and three-hybrid screening using pepper ‘ZHC2’ as the experimental material, with a library recombinant efficiency of up to 100%. The length of inserted… More >

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ARTICLE

Yunqi Zhang^#, Ying Li^#, Yashi Deng, Yilin Ou, Daocheng Ma, Dongdong Li, Weidong Xie^*, Zailiu Li^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3293-3312, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058083 - 31 December 2024
Abstract To enhance the productivity of Carya illinoinensis cv. ‘Shaoxing’ and mitigate the loss of flowers and fruits, the effects of different concentrations of Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) wettable powder (2, 5, and 10 g·L^–1) and Paclobutrazol (PP₃₃₃) (150, 300, and 450 mg·L^–1, based on active ingredients) on 6-year-old ‘Shaoxing’ plants were investigated with water sprayed as the control. The results showed that: (1) Treatment with 10 g·L^–1 PBO and 450 mg·L^–1 PP₃₃₃ significantly inhibited the excessive growth of ‘Shaoxing’ branches. Also, 10 g·L^–1 PBO exhibited the best diameter increment effect on fruiting branches, and 150 mg·L^–1 PP₃₃₃ exhibited the best diameter… More >

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ARTICLE

Bouazza Chami^1,2, Nabil Touzout², Souad Guemouri-Athmani¹, Djamel Baali-Cherif³, Adil Mihoub⁴, Jakub Černý^5,*, Muhammad Farhan Saeed⁶, Aftab Jamal^7,*, Hayi Mohamed Yassine⁸, Yaser Hassan Dewir⁹, Aurelio Scavo¹⁰
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3313-3329, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.059865 - 31 December 2024
Abstract Intensive agricultural practices have undeniably reduced soil fertility and crop productivity. Furthermore, alkaline calcareous soils represent a significant challenge for agricultural production, particularly durum wheat, which is vital for ensuring food security. It is therefore essential to explore new cereal management strategies to maintain food production and promote crop sustainability. The application of soil microorganisms, particularly plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as inoculants to enhance crop production is a growing area of interest. This study investigates the effects of the rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa SGH1 and SGK2, applied both individually and in combination, on the growth and… More >

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ARTICLE

Yuan Wang¹, Tianle Zhang¹, Xinfeng Zeng¹, Jiale Liu¹, Siyu Li¹, Siyu Yang¹, Shengnan Zhao¹, Abdullah Shah², Muhammad Saif Ullah², Guohui Qi^1,*, Peng Jia^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3331-3346, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.059402 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrative Approaches to Plant Stress Responses under Changing Climate Conditions)
Abstract LONELY GUY (LOG) is a pivotal cytokinin-activating enzyme that plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Walnut (Juglans regia), an important woody oilseed species, has not yet undergone systematic identification of its LOG gene family. In this study, we identified 17 JrLOG genes in the walnut genome, which are unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. JrLOG gene expansion was primarily driven by gene duplication, along with purifying selection. Members of the JrLOG family were categorized into five groups, each exhibiting analogous gene structures, featured motifs, and conserved domains. Transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR analyses More >

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ARTICLE

Parul Verma¹, Sana Choudhary¹, Neha Naaz^1,*, Nidhi Sharma¹, Nora M. Al Aboud², Fatmah Ahmed Safhi³, Diaa Abd El Moneim^4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3347-3372, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057592 - 31 December 2024
Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal pollutant primarily introduced into the environment through anthropogenic activities. In plants, the absorption and retention of Cd lead to a cascade of morphological, physiological, and cytological alterations. Nigella sativa L., also known as black cumin, is an annual herb with important commercial and medicinal uses. Thymoquinone, the primary bioactive compound in Nigella sativa L., is renowned for its potential health benefits. The current experiment aimed to ascertain the effects of various concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm) of cadmium nitrate (Cd(NO₃₊)₂) on two Nigella sativa cultivars (AN20 and… More >

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ARTICLE

Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy^1,*, Mari Sumayli², Faisal Ay Alzahrani³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3373-3385, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058875 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Microbe-Mediated Regulation of Plant Growth and Stress Biology)
Abstract Endophytes associated with plants are recognized as bio-reservoirs of natural products and denote a significant symbiotic interaction in nature. Endophytes penetrate the plant’s interior tissues without showing any indications of disease or obvious alterations. In this study, the potential of a novel and new isolated plant growth-stimulating fungus, Coniothyrium aleuritis, was evaluated against PVY (the pathogen potato virus Y) on potato plants. Many parameters, including disease severity, PVY titer, enzymatic profiling, defense-related biochemical marker (carotenoid), phenolic compounds, proline content, as well as growth and yield parameters, have been investigated to clarify the role of C. aleuritis isolate… More >

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ARTICLE

Xiaobo Yu^1,2,3, Jiangang An^1,3, Mingrong Zhang^1,3, Haiying Wu^1,3, Taiwen Yong², Wenyu Yang^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3387-3399, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058494 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants: Physio-biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms)
Abstract Relay strip intercropping (RSI) increases soybean nodule number and nitrogen fixation activity at the reproductive stage more than monocropping (M), but the effect of changes in the environment, especially light, on nodules during the coexistence duration and vegetative stage, is unclear. To determine the impact of shading on nodule development at the seedling stage, nodule traits, distribution, and physiological function were compared between M and RSI in a potting experiment in a field environment. Compared with M, nodule number and weight decreased significantly (an average of 81.77% and 93.16%, respectively); thus, the exponential relationship… More >

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Zhaomiao Lin, Guoliang Li, Hong Zhang, Rongchang Ji, Yongqing Xu, Guochun Xu, Huawei Li, Zhonghua Liu, Wenbin Luo, Yongxiang Qiu, Sixin Qiu^*, Hao Tang
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3401-3410, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058692 - 31 December 2024
Abstract Sweet potato leaves are consumed globally for their nutritional and functional properties, with their taste characteristics significantly influencing their market value and consumer acceptance. However, the metabolic factors determining the taste of sweet potato leaves remain unclear. This study evaluated the taste and metabolic profile of sweet potato leaves cultivated in soil and hydroponic systems, revealing that hydroponic culture improved the taste of the leafy sweet potatoes. Using gas chromatography system (GC)-ToF-MS, 200 metabolites were identified, encompassing most plant metabolic pathways. A comparison of good-tasting vs. poor-tasting sweet potato leaves identified 71 metabolites associated with taste More >

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ARTICLE

Md. Riyadh Arefin^1,2, Md. Sabibul Haque¹, A. K. M. Golam Sarwar^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3411-3442, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058893 - 31 December 2024
Abstract Tea estates in Bangladesh are currently experiencing frequent waterlogging stress due to heavy rainfall or flooding under changing climate scenarios. The development of waterlogging-tolerant tea cultivars is, therefore, crucial for sustainable tea production with increased yield in waterlogging-affected areas. In this study, a total of two hundred tea genotypes were screened for waterlogging tolerance based on yield and quality potentials. Tea genotypes were raised at the nursery and evaluated with 13 traits at the seedling and mature stages. Descriptive and multivariate analysis of the recorded data of measured traits were performed for clustering the… More >

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ARTICLE

Jannatul Naim¹, Sheikh Mahfuja Khatun¹, Biswajit Das¹, Mumtarin Haque Mim^1,2, Sadia Akter¹, Masudur Reza Shakil³, Habibul Bari Shozib⁴, Kristina Toderich⁵, Mohammad Anwar Hossain^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3443-3463, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058786 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Research Trends in Genetics, Genomics, and Physiology of Crop Plants)
Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is regarded as a superfood due to its exceptionally high nutritional value and ability to withstand stress. Six quinoa genotypes (viz., SAU Quinoa-1, Regalona, GPBQ-1, GPBQ-2, GPBQ-3, and GPBQ-4) were characterized for morphological, yield, and nutritional quality attributes while being grown under the agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh. The field experiment was carried out in the winter season (November 2022–March 2023) at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on various qualitative and quantitative traits related to… More >

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ARTICLE

Mohamed M. Kamara¹, Fatmah A. Safhi², Nora M. Al Aboud³, Maha Aljabri³, Samah A. Alharbi³, Hesham S. Ghazzawy^4,5, Mohammed O. Alshaharni⁶, Eman Fayad⁷, Wessam F. Felemban^8,9, Diaa Abd El-Moneim¹⁰, Abdallah A. Hassanin¹¹, Imen Ben Abdelmalek^12,*, Abdelraouf M. Ali¹³, Elsayed Mansour^14,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3465-3485, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058628 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrative Approaches to Plant Stress Responses under Changing Climate Conditions)
Abstract Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production, especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population. Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability in parental inbreds is needed for developing such high-yielding hybrids. Consequently, this study aimed at evaluating parental genetic diversity employing simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, estimating effects of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for grain yield and yield contributing characters, identifying high yielding hybrids, and evaluating the association of SCA effects and performance of hybrids with genetic distance. Half-diallel mating scheme was utilized… More >

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Jiao Mao^1,2, Shu Wang^1,2, Yuanmeng Xu^1,2, Mengyao Wang^1,2, Yuhan Liu^1,2, Jiangling Ren^1,2, Sichen Liu^1,2, Zhijun Qiao^1,2, Xiaoning Cao^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3487-3507, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057945 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrated Nutrient Management in Cereal Crops)
Abstract In order to elucidate the response mechanism of yield and quality of different genotypes of foxtail millet to nitrogen application. In this study, plant physiology and metabolomics were used to study the effects of different amounts of nitrogen (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg hm⁻²) on agronomic characters, yield and quality of Jingu 21 and Zhangza 10. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application, the plant height of different genotypes of foxtail millet increased gradually, and the content of stem diameter, yield, protein, fat, lysine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, arginine, aspartic, glutamic, glycine,… More >

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Mallepu S Likhitha Reddy¹, Biplab Mitra¹, Ahmed Gaber², Akbar Hossain^3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3509-3530, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.056789 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrated Nutrient Management in Cereal Crops)
Abstract The rice‒wheat farming system is considered as the greatest energy-intensive agricultural practice in South‒East Asia. In light of declining system production and profitability, burning of residues, soil erosion, depletion of renewable resources, and environmental degradation, the sustainability of the rice‒wheat cropping system is being questioned. As a result, energy and money efficient conservation agricultural methods are becoming more and more necessary to accomplish sustainable output. A field experiment was carried out in this regard to evaluate the effects of varying degrees of rice residue retention and nutrient management options on zero-tillage grown wheat growth, yield,… More >

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ARTICLE

Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza^1,2, Abdur Rehim^1,*, Muhammad Amjad Bashir^1,3,*, Mingzheng Duan⁴, Yucong Geng³, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei⁵
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3531-3548, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057356 - 31 December 2024
Abstract Chemical fertilizers have contributed to improving crop production and coping with food safety challenges, but their excessive application in agriculture has resulted in soil and environmental problems. The present study was performed to assess the potential of biostimulants as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. A pot experiment was conducted to examine the response of okra against different biostimulants, including glycine (G.L.), lysine (L.Y.), aspartic acid (A.A.), vitamin B complex (V.B.), and chemical fertilizers (control; C.K.). The results revealed that G.L. and V.B. significantly improved chlorophyll a (12.51%) and chlorophyll b (7.14%) contents in okra… More >

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Chen Hao, Chunfeng Mu, Xinyan Yu, Xiaoran Chen, Mengmeng Zhu, Jianrui Wang^*, Yu Liu^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3549-3572, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.056114 - 31 December 2024
Abstract Entoloma clypeatum, a kind of edible ectomycorrhizal fungus, can be usually symbiotic with Rosaceae fruit trees. Fruit trees have become an important part of China’s agriculture. The present work focused on exploring how E. clypeatum affected symbiotic Rosaceae plants and establishing a symbiotic culture with Malus robusta, Pyrus betulifolia and Prunus armeniaca rootstocks. The results showed that E. clypeatum and three Rosaceae plants can generate cylindrical or clavate mycorrhizae. The inoculation treatment had different degrees of positive effects on the three plants. Relative to the non-inoculated group, biomass in symbiotic plants increased (32.8%–191.1%), and photosynthesis enhanced. In the level of… More >

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Yanhong Zhang, Tong Sun, Jinyan Zhu, Qiangqiang Xiong, Jinlong Hu, Haipeng Zhang, Nianbing Zhou, Hongcheng Zhang^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3573-3587, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057690 - 31 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants: Physio-biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms)
Abstract We investigated the differences in metabolites related to rice yield under different nitrogen fertilizer levels and the regulatory roles of key metabolites in metabolic pathways, in the hope of providing data support from the metabolite level for further regulation of rice yield. This study focused on the rice variety Yangchan 15002 and used non-targeted metabolomics methods to detect the metabolic products of rice leaves under three nitrogen fertilizer levels. The yield of oryza sativa plants under high nitrogen (A3: 315 kg/ha) conditions was significantly higher than that of plants under medium (A2: 270 kg/ha) and… More >

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Abderrahim Boutasknit^1,2,3,*, Wissal Benaffari^2,3, Mohamed Anli^2,3, Abdoussadeq Ouamnina^2,3, Amine Assouguem⁴, Rachid Lahlali^4,*, Abdelilah Meddich^2,3,5
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3589-3616, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057881 - 31 December 2024
Abstract Drought stress (DS) and overuse of chemical fertilizers cause considerable losses in the agro-physiological as well as biochemical performance of plants. In this context, considerable effort will be required to replace chemical fertilizers (NPK) with biostimulants as an important approach to enhance the productivity and sustainability of agriculture. Here, we evaluated the effect of separating and/or combining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with compost (C) in comparison to the use of NPK on the growth, physiological and biochemical of tomatoes under DS. The findings showed that DS significantly reduced the growth and physiological attributes of tomatoes.… More >

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Jianbo Fei^1,2,4, Zhibo Liu¹, Piwu Wang^1,3, Jing Qu², Siyan Liu¹, Shuyan Guan^1,3,*, Yiyong Ma^1,3
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3617-3635, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.052704 - 31 December 2024
Abstract The WRKY transcription factors play important roles in various biological processes such as plant development, defense regulation, and stress response. Despite this, there is limited information available on drought-related WRKY genes in maize. Through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, a WRKY transcription factor called ZmWRKY25 was identified in this study. ZmWRKY25 belongs to Group II and is localized in the nucleus. Protein interaction analysis revealed that ZmWRKY25 interacts with several proteins involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) signal pathway. Expression of ZmWRKY25 was found to be up-regulated in response to drought, salt, and ABA treatments in tobacco plants. More >

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