Open Access

ARTICLE

Toxic and Antifeedant Effects of Different Pesticidal Plant Extracts against Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)

Muhammad Asad¹, Rashad Rasool Khan^2,*, Ahmed B. Aljuboory³, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid⁴, Uttam Kumar⁵, Inzamam Ul Haq⁶, Aqsa Hafeez⁷, Ahmed Noureldeen⁸, Khadiga Alharbi^9,*

1 College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
2 Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
3 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq
4 Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
5 College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
6 College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
7 Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
8 Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
9 Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Authors: Rashad Rasool Khan. Email: ; Khadiga Alharbi. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Agricultural Intensification, Climate Change, and Food Security)

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023, 92(4), 1161-1172. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.026513

Received 09 September 2022; Accepted 25 October 2022; Issue published 06 January 2023

Abstract

The beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly destructive pest of vegetables and field crops. Management of beet armyworm primarily relies on synthetic pesticides, which is threatening the beneficial community and environment. Most importantly, the BAW developed resistance to synthetic pesticides with making it difficult to manage. Therefore, alternative and environment-friendly pest management tactics are urgently required. The use of pesticidal plant extracts provides an effective way for a sustainable pest management program. To evaluate the use of pesticidal plant extracts against BAW, we selected six plant species (Lantana camara, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Nicotiana tabacum , and Ocimum basilicum) for initial screening experiment. Four out of six plant species such as A. indica, N. tabacum, C. citratus and O. basilicum showed promising mortality of more than 50%. Therefore, we selected these four plant extracts for the subsequent experiments. Through contact bioassay, A. indica showed high mortality 66.63%, followed by the N. tabacum 53.33%, at 10% w/v concentration. Similarly, N. tabacum showed the highest mortality rate, 66% at 10% w/v concentration, followed by the A. indica 46% through feeding bioassay. Furthermore, the feeding deterrence assay showed that C. citratus had a high antifeedant index (−50) followed by A. indica (−39), and N. tabacum (−28). In living plant assay, the N. tabacum extract showed a low mean damage score 3.6 on living cotton plant followed by C. citratus 4.5 and A. indica 5.5. Hence, extracts of three plant species provided promising results against the BAW, which can minimize the use of synthetic chemicals, particularly for small landholding farmers. Further studies are also required to evaluate the effects of these plant extract against BAW on cotton plants under field conditions to optimize the further use.

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