Hassawi rice is a highly nutritional brown rice landrace native to the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia that has been cultivated for hundreds of years. The stem borer resistance was correlated with panicle weight and grain weight, which also showed a significant correlation with grain yield/plant. These traits can be effectively employed in a breeding program to confer resistance against stem borer infestation in rice. The results revealed that the non-additive dominance genetic variance was higher than the additive variance for all evaluated traits, indicating that non-additive genetic variances have a role in their inheritance. The broad-sense heritability estimates were high for all the studied traits. This work will contribute to achieving future rice breeding objectives by providing a rich background selection of potential parental materials. It will also provide important information for evaluation of genetic diversity in the local rice germplasm and its utilization in future rice genetic improvement programs.
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Hirdayesh Anuragi1, Rajesh Kumar Singhal2, Yashfa Tanveer3, Humaira Yasmin3, Ambati Srijan4, Alka Bharati1, Lal Chand5, Sukumar Taria1, Kunasekaran Rajarajan1, Asha Ram1, Arun Kumar Handa1, Ayyanadar Arunachalam1, Khalid Rehman Hakeem6,7,8,*, Deniz Özbilici9, Ayman EL Sabagh10,11,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1831-1858, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020540
Abstract A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak spread through China has become the biggest global public health challenge today. The virus upon several mutations has led to the resurgence of more infectious and lethal variants infecting over 298 million people with more than 5.46 million deaths worldwide by the end of December, 2021. Though vaccines are available, various preventive measures particularly a high body immunity is still extremely important which determines the likelihood of disease severity and subsequent recovery in the current and future pandemics. This review acknowledges the potentiality of miraculous Moringa oleifera… More >
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Amjad Ali1, Yasir Iftikhar2,*, Mustansar Mubeen2, Haider Ali3, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2, Zohaib Asad4, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye5, Malik Abdul Rehman6, Mazhar Abbas7, Muhammad Rafique8, Muhammad Usman Ghani9
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1859-1877, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021734
Abstract
Since the 19th century to date, the fungal pathogens have been involved in causing devastating diseases in plants. All types of fungal pathogens have been observed in important agricultural crops that lead to significant pre and postharvest losses. The application of synthetic fungicide against the fungal plant pathogens (FPP) is a traditional management practice but at the same time these fungicides kill other beneficial microbes, insects, animal, and humans and are harmful to environment. The antagonistic microorganism such as bacteria are being used as an alternate strategy to control the FPP. These antagonistic species are cost-effective and eco-friendly in nature.… More >
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Shiyan Lu, Yulan Hu, Yilin Chen, Yaru Yang, Yue Jin, Ping Li*, Xiangyang Hu*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1879-1891, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.022605
Abstract Putrescine (Put) as the compound of plant polyamines is catalyzed by arginine decarboxylase (ADC), which is encoded by two members, ADC1 and ADC2 in Arabidopsis, and ADC2 is mainly responsible for Put biosynthesis. Accumulated evidence demonstrates the important function of Put in plant growth and development, but its role in regulating seed germination under high temperature (HT) has not been reported yet. SOMNUS (SOM) is the negative regulator for seed germination thermoinhibition by altering downstream gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism. In this study, we found exogenous application of Put obviously alleviated the inhibition effect of HT on seed… More >
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Songbei Ying, Sasa Jing, Leheng Cheng, Haiqing Sun, Yuan Tian, Lulu Zhi, Ping Li*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1893-1904, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.022679
Abstract Allantoin as the metabolite of purine catabolism can store and remobilize nitrogen for plant growth and development. However, emerging evidence suggests it also contributes to plant tolerance to stress response through altering abscisic acid (ABA) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. 1-CYS PEROXIREDOXIN (PER1) is a seed-specific antioxidant that enhances seed longevity through scavenging ROS over-accumulation. High temperature (HT) suppresses seed germination and induces seed secondary dormancy, called as seed germination thermoinhibition. However, the mechanism that allantoin and PER1 regulate seed germination thermoinhibition remains unknown. In this study, we reported that allantoin treatment enhances seed germination under HT stress.… More >
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Mohammed I. Al-Daej1, Mohamed M. El-Malky2, Muhammad N. Sattar3, Adel A. Rezk1,4, Muhammad N. Naqqash5, Jameel M. Al-Khayri1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1905-1922, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020629
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract Rice stem borer (Chilo agamemnon Bles.) is a primary insect pest of rice and is a major limiting factor to rice
production. Breeding for insect-resistant crop varieties has been an economic way of integrated pest management
(IPM) as it offers a viable and ecologically acceptable approach. This study was aimed to evaluate rice genotypes
for their resistance against rice stem borer. Seven parental genotypes with twenty one F1 crosses were evaluated
for genotypic variation in field experiments. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for the studied
traits in almost all crosses and parents. In addition, the mean squares of parents… More >
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Pravej Alam*, Thamer H. Al balawi
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1923-1931, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021334
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most damaging diseases to rice across the world. Various chemicals have been employed so far for the management of bacterial leaf blight. On the other hand, these compounds are damaging to the ecosystem and have an impact on non-target species such as humans and animals. As a result, there is a need to create a new natural inhibitor for BLB management. Deformylase (PDF) enzyme is present in all eubacteria and its necessity in bacterial protein synthesis reveals it as an attractive target for drug development.… More >
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Lingyan Hu, Haiyan Chen, Guangqun Zhang, Zihao Yu, Kai Yan, Fangdong Zhan, Yongmei He*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1933-1944, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020041
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is an important regulator that plays a crucial role in plant growth and responses to abiotic
stresses. In the present study, a sand cultivation experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of IAA at
different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2.5 mmol/L) on maize growth, root morphology, mineral elements (Ca, Mg) and Cd uptake under 20 mg/kg Cd stress. The results showed that 0.01 mmol/L is the optimal
IAA concentration for enhancing the Cd tolerance of maize. Compared with the control treatment, 0.01 mmol/L
IAA promoted maize growth, with significant increases in the height,… More >
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Xiaotong Wei1,#, Xuhong Fan2,#, Xuan Lu1, Liyuan Han1, Honglin Zhang3, Siyan Liu3, Jing Qu3, Shuyan Guan3,*, Yiyong Ma3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1945-1957, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020062
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract
The embryos of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines GS02, GS07, GS08, GS11 and GS15 were used as receptor materials to optimize the receptor system from the aspects of genotype, medium components and stress (PEG6000, mannitol, salt and low phosphorus). The results showed that GS07 had the highest induction rate (95.2%). Orthogonal test analysis showed that the best combination of medium components in induction was A2B3C1D3(2), namely, the concentration of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) was 4 mg·mL-1, the concentration of L-Proline (L-Pro) was 0.8 mg·mL-1, and the concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) was 10 mg·mL-1 (or 5 mg·mL). Interestingly,… More >
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Taufika Islam Anee1,#, Md. Nur Nabi Islam1,#, Mohamed M. Hassan2, Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud1, Md. Mahabub Alam1, Mirza Hasanuzzaman1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1959-1972, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021137
Abstract Due to the unpredictable climate change, drought stress is being considered as one of the major threats to crop
production. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. BARI Gom-26) being a dry season crop frequently faces scarcity of
water and results in a lower yield. Therefore, this experiment aims to explore the role of different organic amendments (OAs) in mitigating drought stress-induced damage. The pot experiment consisted of different organic
amendments viz. compost, vermicompost and poultry manure @0.09 kg m−2 soil, biochar @2.5% w/w soil and
chitosan @1% w/w soil which was imposed on the plants grown under both well-watered and drought… More >
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Xiaodong Shi1,*, Cong Wang1, Wenjian Li1, Hanlei Xiao1, Yanjie Li1, Bei Niu2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.9, pp. 1973-1986, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020065
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
Abstract Polyploid plants grow well, are stress tolerant, and are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. Thus, they are useful for improving crop quality and yield. In this study, we compared the seed characteristics and metabolite profiles of diploid and tetraploid tartary buckwheat, which was developed via an artificially induced chromosome doubling event. The length, width, area, and thousand-grain weight were greater for the tetraploid seeds than for the diploid seeds. However, the germination rate decreased for the tetraploid seeds. Additionally, there was a gap between the shell and kernel of the tetraploid seeds. Moreover, the water absorption rate was higher… More >
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