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REVIEW

Md. Abir Ul Islam¹, Juthy Abedin Nupur², Charles T. Hunter³, Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag⁴, Ashaduzzaman Sagar⁵, Md. Sazzad Hossain⁶, Mona F. A. Dawood^7,*, Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef⁸, Marián Brestič^9,10, Md. Tahjib-UI-Arif^4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1557-1583, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021556 - 14 April 2022
Abstract Moringa leaf extract (MLE) has been shown to promote beneficial outcomes in animals and plants. It is rich in amino acids, antioxidants, phytohormones, minerals, and many other bioactive compounds with nutritional and growth-promoting potential. Recent reports indicated that MLE improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying MLE-mediated abiotic stress tolerance remains limited. This review summarizes the existing literature on the role of MLE in promoting plant abiotic stress acclimation processes. MLE is applied to plants in a variety of ways, including foliar spray, rooting media, and seed priming. Exogenous application More >

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1219

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REVIEW

Qinhui Zhang^1,2,#, Xiaona Pei^1,#, Lianfeng Xu^3,#, Xianbo Lu², Baoyang Wen³, Yanlong Li⁴, Liankui Wang⁴, Guangzhi Dong⁴, Wanling Shi⁴, Xiaoqing Hu^1,*, Xiyang Zhao^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1585-1599, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020372 - 14 April 2022
Abstract Birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.), distributed in Eurasia, North America, and Australia, is a kind of cold-resistant, fast-growing, and vital pulpwood tree species. It is also one of the most important ecological restoration tree species with high values of economic benefits in Northeast China. To improve the genetic gain and expand the economic benefit of B. platyphylla, many genetic improvements have been carried out. In China, B. platyphylla is widely distributed and varied, and there are many varieties with excellent genetic characteristics. In this paper, the genetic improvement of B. platyphylla was reviewed, and the previous research results were discussed More >

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842

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REVIEW

Jingkang Zhang¹, Shiyuan Zhang¹, Changhao Niu^1,2, Jiang Jiang^1,2, Haijun Sun^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1601-1616, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020323 - 14 April 2022
Abstract Soil degradation threatens the forest sustainable productivity, particularly in afforestation system. Biochar derived from agroforestry waste or biomass can potentially improve the degraded forest soil and promote the tree growth. To expand the application of biochar for forestry productivity improvement, we here reviewed the effects and the underlying mechanisms of biochar on the degraded forest soil and tree growth. Totally 96 studies that conducted from pot to field investigations in China were summarized. The result suggested that biochar generally exerted positive effects on restoration of degraded forest soil such as that with compaction, acidification or More >

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859

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Qinzheng Hou^#, Wenjuan Shao^#, Nurbiye Ehmet^#, Taihong Wang, Yifan Xu, Kun Sun^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1617-1628, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020768 - 14 April 2022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant–Environment Interactions)
Abstract Ecological interactions between flowers and pollinators greatly affect the reproductive success. To facilitate these interactions, many flowers are known to display their attractive qualities, such as scent emission, flower rewards and floral vertical direction, in a rhythmic fashion. However, less is known about how plants regulate the relationship between these flower traits to adapt to pollinator visiting behavior and increase reproduction success. Here we investigated the adaptive significance of the flower bending from erect to downward in Trifolium repens. We observed the flowering dynamic characteristics (changes of vertical direction of florets, flowering number, pollen grain numbers,… More >

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862

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Wenting Wu¹ , Yajing Zhang¹, Yu Gao¹, Kai Zhang^2,3, Luying Zhu^1,3,*, Hongxia Zhang^2,3
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1629-1642, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020515 - 14 April 2022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Symbiotic Associations for Nutrients Management and Complexes Formation for Better Agricultural Crops Productivity under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses)
Abstract Leymus mollis, a wild relative of wheat, is very tolerant to salt stress, and has been considered as a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeding. However, the genetic basis for salt tolerance of this species is still largely unknown. In this study, de novo sequencing, assembly and analysis of L. mollis transcriptome in response to salt stress was performed. A total of 110,323 and 112,846 unigenes were generated for the NaCl-free (CK) and 180 mM NaCl-treated (CT) library, respectively. For the two libraries, 73,414 unigenes were successfully annotated in five common protein databases, and 7521 differentially expressed genes… More >

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1136

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Tao Zhang^*, Hongbing Yang
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1643-1658, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019572 - 14 April 2022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Physiology for Crop Production and Sustainable Agriculture)
Abstract Salt stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development. Calcium as an essential nutrient element and important signaling molecule plays an important role in ameliorating the adverse effect of salinity on plants. This study aimed to investigate the impact of exogenous calcium on improving salt tolerance in Tartary buckwheat cultivars, cv. Xinong9920 (salt-tolerant) and cv. Xinong9909 (salt-sensitive). Four-week-old Tartary buckwheat seedlings under 100 mM NaCl stress were treated with and without exogenous calcium chloride (CaCl₂), Ca²⁺ chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and Ca²⁺-channel blocker lanthanum chloride (LaCl₃) for 10 days.… More >

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1586

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Dabing Xiang^1,#, Yue Song^1,#, Chao Song², Yan Wan¹, Xueling Ye¹, Changying Liu¹, Chenggang Liang³, Gang Zhao^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1659-1669, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020338 - 14 April 2022
Abstract A low seed-setting rate is the main limiting factor influencing Tartary buckwheat production under high-yield cultivation conditions. To investigate the seed setting and its spatial characteristics, two Tartary buckwheat cultivars (high seed-setting rate cultivar Qianku 3; low seed-setting rate cultivar Liuku 3) were compared by a two-year field trial in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that the Tartary buckwheat underwent simultaneous flowering and fruiting. Flowers, generated from branch, were still blooming during the mature stage of grains on stem, which resulting in a greater number of flowers and grains on the branch than those… More >

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821

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Shiqin Yang^1,2,#, Tao Jiang^3,#, Peilin Shen¹, Shengjie Ren³, Zhun Gu¹, Fangjun Feng², Yunpeng Peng^2,4, Wei Wang⁵, Kai Xu^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1671-1686, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018996 - 14 April 2022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract Plant height is an important morphological trait that affects crop yield. Several genes related to plant height and yield have been reported in rice (Oryza sativa L.), however, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of these traits is still not completely understood. VP64 is widely used as a transcriptional activator to investigate the biological function of genes encoding transcription factors. Here, we identified a novel bZIP transcription factor OsbZIP62 that is involved in modulating agronomic traits in rice. Overexpression of OsbZIP62-VP64 (OsbZIP62V) significantly increases the plant height and yield per plant in rice. RNA-seq analysis showed that some More >

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838

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Uttam Kumer Sarker¹, Md. Romij Uddin^1,*, Ahmed Khairul Hasan¹, Md. Abdur Rahman Sarkar¹, Md. Abdus Salam¹, Md. Alamgir Hossain², Eldessoky S. Dessoky³, Ismail A. Ismail³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1687-1708, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020645 - 14 April 2022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract In irrigated agricultural systems, nitrogen (N) and water are the vital resources for sustainability of the crop production in the modern era of climate change. The current study aimed to assess the impact of water and N management on the productivity of irrigated rice cultivars. In the context, a field observation was done at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during dry seasons in consecutive two years (2018–2019 and 2019–2020). The experiments were set up following split-plot design assigning water management in the main plots, nitrogen management in the sub-plots, and the cultivars… More >

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1998

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931

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Jing Qu¹, Shuang Liu², Peng Jiao², Zhenzhong Jiang², Jianbo Fei², Shuyan Guan^1,*, Yiyong Ma^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1709-1719, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018854 - 14 April 2022
Abstract To develop cold-tolerant maize germplasms and identify the activation of INDUCER OF CRT/DRE-BINDING FACTOR EXPRESSION (ICE1) expression in response to cold stress, RT-PCR was used to amplify the complete open reading frame sequence of the ICE1 gene and construct the plant expression vector pCAMBIA3301-ICE1-Bar. Immature maize embryos and calli were transformed with the recombinant vector using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformations. From the regenerated plantlets, three T1 lines were screened and identified by PCR. A Southern blot analysis showed that a single copy of the ICE1 gene was integrated into the maize (Zea mays L.) genomes of the three T1 generations.… More >

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724

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A. K. M. Golam Sarwar¹, Md. Sabibul Haque^1,*, Md. Ekramul Haque², Md. Amir Hossain³, Md. Golam Azam⁴, Md. Nesar Uddin¹, Eldessoky S. Dessoky⁵, Mahmoud A. Basry⁶, Md. Alamgir Hossain¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1721-1743, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021069 - 14 April 2022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract Linseed is a multipurpose crop and the crop needs further improvement to increase production and yield due to its high value and demand. This study aimed to assess the extent and pattern of genetic variability of forty linseed genotypes based on diverse agro–morphological and yield attributes. The field experiment was conducted following a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Linseed germplasm showed a wide range of phenotypic expression, genetic variability and heritability for 30 studied traits. A low to high phenotypic coeffi- cient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed.… More >

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Shen Zhang¹, Yongqi Jian¹, Bingjing Yan², Jin Jin¹, Jiasen Wu¹, Chenfei Liang¹, Juan Liu^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1745-1756, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021076 - 14 April 2022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: The Effect of Soil Quality Degradation on the Plant Growth, Quality and Food Safety in Subtropical Agroforestry Ecosystems)
Abstract The impact of land consolidation on the soil microbial PLFA diversity is of great importance for understanding the effective arable land usage, improving agricultural ecological conditions and environment. In this study, we collected the soil samples (0–20 cm) in experimental plots with 0 (Z₀), 1 (Z_1a) and 4 (Z_4a) years of land consolidation in the forest station of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. The results were analyzed using ANOVA for randomized block design. Compared with control (Z₀), the soil pH value under Z_1a treatment increased by 14.6%, soil organic carbon (SOC) content decreased by 65.4%, so did… More >

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790

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Yasar Nishat¹, Mohammad Danish^1,*, Heba I. Mohamed^2,*, Hisamuddin Shaikh¹, Abeer Elhakem³
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1757-1777, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021267 - 14 April 2022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Role of Biostimulants in the Alleviation of Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
Abstract Meloidogyne incognita is a plant pathogen causing root-knot disease and loss of crop yield. The present study aimed to use Trichoderma harzianum as a biocontrol agent against plant-parasitic nematodes and used press mud, which is a solid waste by-product of sugarcane, as a biocontrol agent and biofertilizer. Therefore, the combined application of T. harzianum and press mud may enhance nematode control and plant growth. Elemental analysis of press mud using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) integrated with an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer revealed the presence of different elements such as C, O, Mg, Si, P, K, Ca, Cu… More >

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1176

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Chengyang Li^1,2,#, Lianjun Wang^1,#, Shasha Chai^1,#, Yinghua Xu^1,2, Chong Wang^1,2, Yi Liu^1,2, Jian Lei¹, Xiaojie Jin¹, Xianliang Cheng¹, Yuanyuan Yang¹, Xinsun Yang^1,*, Wenying Zhang^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1779-1793, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020192 - 14 April 2022
Abstract Fusarium wilt, a disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp batatas (Fob) is an important disease in sweet potato production. Using endophytic bacteria for biological control of sweet potato diseases is one of the important ways. A Bacillus subtilis with antagonistic effect on Fusarium wilt of sweet potato was isolated from soil by confrontation culture. According to the biological characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and physiological and biochemical analysis, the Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was named. A pot experiment was conducted for the biological control experiment of strain HAAS01, and the endogenous hormone content, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble protein content, and related More >

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807

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Enrique Cárcamo-Ibarra¹, Mauro Manuel Martínez-Pacheco², Abril Munro-Rojas¹, Jorge Enrique Ambriz-Parra¹, Crisanto Velázquez-Becerra^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1795-1808, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020578 - 14 April 2022
Abstract Wood is mainly made up of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin polymers and other organic and inorganic substances, making it susceptible to deteriorate by various biological agents. Tectona grandis L.f. (Teak) is a timber species with high resistance to biological deterioration, valued for its durability, beauty, and mechanical resistance. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of crude extracts from teak on various fungi that cause wood deterioration. For this, Teak heartwood was obtained, then fragmented and pulverized until obtaining a flour which was used for compounds extraction using the Soxhlet technique coupled to… More >

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760

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Shuaibin Luo¹, Xuemei Zhang², Kang He¹, Juan Zou^1,*, Chang-An Geng^2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1809-1816, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020935 - 14 April 2022
Abstract Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gouteng) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine used for psychiatric and hypotensive purposes in China. In this study, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) part of U. rhynchophylla was revealed with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity. Subsequent investigation on the EtOAc part yielded one new triterpenoid, 3β-formyloxy-6β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and four known ones, 3β,6β,19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), 2-oxopomolic acid (3), 3β,19α-dihydroxy-6-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (4) and sumaresinolic acid (5). The structure of compound 1 was determined by extensive HRESIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. Two ursane-type triterpenoids (2 and 3) showed selective inhibition on PTP1B with IC₅₀ values of 48.2 and 178.7 μM. More >

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760

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Naima Asghar¹, Abida Aziz¹, Muhammad Farooq Azhar² , Mohamed El-Sharnouby³, Uzma Irfan¹, Iqra Rafiq¹, Husnain Farooq^4,5,*, Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani⁶, Mohamed I. Sakran⁷, A. Altalhi⁸, Fahad M. Alzuaibr⁹, Ayman El Sabagh^10,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.8, pp. 1817-1829, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020790 - 14 April 2022
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Therapeutic Efficiency of Phyto-Molecules)
Abstract Moringa oleifera is a miracle plant rich in nutrients, antioxidants, and antibiotic properties. Present study was designed to evaluate various biochemical attributes of leaves and flowers of M. oleifera. Plant parts (leaves, flowers) of M. oleifera, collected from different roadsides of Multan district, Punjab, Pakistan, were used as experimental material. Result indicates that alkaloids, saponin, carbohydrates, fats, and protein had a high value in the aqueous extract of both leaves and flowers of M. oleifera. Whereas phenol content was high in methanolic leaves extract and the phenol contents were high in aqueous extract of flowers. The extract yield of… More >

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