Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules generated by the metabolism of mitochondria, peroxisomes, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, glyoxysomes, and apoplast. The plant cell takes advantage of ROS to send signals and to induce changes in the nucleus (i.e., retrograde). The signal can be carried out directly by ROS
or indirectly as a consequence of membrane lipids oxidation. The physiological role of retrograde signal is to alert the nucleus about the development and physiological status of the different organelles.
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Eduardo-Antonio Trillo-Hernández1, Arturo Duarte Sierra2, Martín Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 905-913, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018118
Abstract
The interaction between the nucleus and the different organelles is important in the physiology of the plant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a by-product of the oxidation of organic molecules to obtain energy by the need to carry out the electron transfer between the different enzymatic complexes. However, they also have a role in the generation of what is known as retrograde signaling. This signal comes from the different organelles in which the oxidation of molecules or the electron transference is taking place such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Furthermore, ROS can also induce the release of signals from the apoplast.… More >
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Misbah Naz1, Rubab Shabbir2,17, Krishan K. Verma3, Anshu Rastogi4, Vishnu D. Rajput5, Talha Javed2,6, Muhammad Ammar Raza7, Kainat Asif8, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal9, Muhammad Imran10, Mohammad Sohidul Islam11, Khalid Rehman Hakeem12,13,*, Mehmet Firat Baran14, Ayman EL Sabagh15,16,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 915-927, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018688
Abstract
Under changing climate, trace elements like selenium (Se) have emerged as vital constituent of agro-ecosystems enabling crop plants to off-set the adverse effects of suboptimal growth conditions. The available form of selenium is important for boosting its bioavailability to crop plants having varied agro-botanical traits and root architectural systems. As compared to selenite, the selenate has a weaker soil bonding, higher absorption in the soil solution which results in a comparatively absorption by plant roots. Various factors including dry climate, high pH, optimal ambient air temperature, less accumulation of water, and low concentration of organic matter in the soil tend… More >
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J. David García-Ortíz1, Rebeca González-Centeno1, María Alejandra Torres-Tapia2, J. A. Ascacio-Valdés1, José Espinoza-Velázquez2, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 929-941, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018368
Abstract Because of the growing worldwide demand for maize grain, new alternatives have been sought for breeding of this cereal, e.g., development of polyembryonic varieties, which agronomic performance could positively impact the grain yield per unit area, and nutritional quality. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the phytochemicals present in the embryo and endosperm of grain from maize families with high, low, and null polyembryony frequency, which were planted at different locations, and (2) state the relationship between these compounds and seed germination. The extracted phytochemicals from corn were identified by HPLC-MS. The results showed that the genotype… More >
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Yujia Leng1,#, Shuilian Wang1,2,3,#, Ruoan Wang2,#, Tao Tao1, Shuwen Jia1,2, Tao Song2,3, Lina Xu1,2, Xiuling Cai1,2, Sukui Jin1,2,*, Jiping Gao1,2,4,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 943-958, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018707
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: High-Yield Rice Physiology & Genetics)
Abstract Grain size traits are critical agronomic traits which directly determine grain yield, but the genetic bases of these traits are still not well understood. In this study, a total of 154 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) population derived from a cross between a japonica variety Koshihikari and an indica variety Nona Bokra was used to investigate grain length (GL), grain width (GW), length-width ratio (LWR), grain perimeter (GP), grain area (GA), and thousand grain weight (TGW) under four environments. QTL mapping analysis of six grain size traits was performed by QTL IciMapping 4.2 with an inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM)… More >
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Ekhlaque A. Khan1,2,*, Hamdino M. I. Ahmed3, Meena Misra1, Pallavi Sharma1,4, Amarendra N. Misra1
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 959-973, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018708
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract Cadmium (Cd), a life threatening hazardous heavy metal is abundant in nature. Cd amounts are greater in leaves than other plant parts, and it shows considerable effects on photosynthesis. Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical present in living organisms, is now known as an important signaling molecule playing various physiological processes in plants. In this study, the possible ameliorative effect of NO on photosynthesis was examined on pea seedlings grown under Cd stress. Results showed that chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II and Photosystem I decreased, and Fo and non-photochemical parameters for PSII… More >
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Ying Liu1,3,*, Jingye Chen1,3, Xiaohao Li1,3, Shaoxia Yang1, Hanqiao Hu1,3, Yingbin Xue2,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 975-987, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019057
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract In order to investigate the effects of Manganese (Mn) toxicity stress on the growth and gene expression at the seedling stage of soybean, soybean seedlings were treated with normal Mn concentration (5 μmol/L MnSO4) and excess Mn concentration (100 μmol/L MnSO4) by the method of hydroponic culture in this study. When soybean was subjected to Mn toxicity stress, excessive Mn could affect seedling growth, root development, the number of Mn oxide spots in leaves, and the Mn accumulation content in different parts of soybean. With the increase of exogenous Mn concentration and the prolongation of culture time, the shoot and… More >
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Lifen Zheng1, Fangfang Chen2, Yuanjun Li3, Changfu Li1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 989-998, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019219
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
Abstract 8,12-sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are an important class of natural products with unique pharmaceutical activities. For years the pathway leading to 8,12-STLs remains an enigma. Xanthium strumarium accumulates abundant 8,12-STLs, and xanthatin is a characteristic 8,12-STL in it. Xanthatin has been previously postulated to be derived from germacrene A, but the steps from germacrene A to xanthatin are unknown. As part of an effort to understand the xanthatin biosynthetic pathway. This study reports the characterization of a unique germacrene A oxidase (XsGAO) from X. strumarium. Unlike a classical GAO enzyme, which is known to catalyze a three-step oxidation of germarene A… More >
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Yulu Chen1, Fen Zhang1, Ju Cai1, Yichen Zhao1,2, Jiaxue Cui1, Yan Li1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 999-1013, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018984
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
Abstract Gibberellic acid controlled the key developmental processes of the life cycle of landing plants, and regulated the growth and development of plants. In this study, a novel gibberellin receptor gene EuGID1 was obtained from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. The cDNA of EuGID1 was 1556 bp, and the open reading frame was 1029 bp, which encoded 343 amino acids. EuGID1 had the homology sequence with the hormone-sensitive lipase family. Amino acid sequence alignment confirmed EuGID1 protein had the highest homology with the GID1 protein of Manihot esculenta. EuGID1 was located in the nucleus and cell membrane and had expression in four plant organs. Overexpression… More >
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Abdallah Atia1,2,*, Ahmed Abdallah Hussain3,4, Barhoumi Zouhaier3,5
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 1015-1026, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.017778
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Ecophysiology: Recent Trends and Advancements)
Abstract Avicenna marina (Forssk.) Vierh is a halophytic mangrove. The reproductive unit is green and has photosynthetic propagules. Mangroves are naturally exposed to fluctuations in some abiotic factors at the soil surface, including salinity and alkalinity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of two salts including NaCl and NaHCO3 on germination processes and discuss the relationships between cotyledon photosynthesis and embryo axis growth in A. marina propagules. These propagules came from Al Birk, located on the shoreline of the Saudi Red Sea. The results showed that the studied salts did not affect neither the final germination percentage… More >
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Mengjiao Chen1,2, Jinhui Zhai3, Jiajia Zhang1,4,5,6, Hui Li1,2, Xinjiang Niu1,2, Yaxin Liu1,2, Yue Ren1,2, Hongyan Du1,4,5,6, Jingle Zhu1,4,5,6,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 1027-1044, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.019106
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Ecophysiology: Recent Trends and Advancements)
Abstract Eucommia ulmoides ‘Hongye’ is a new ornamental variety of E. ulmoides with excellent red or purple foliage. We found that E. ulmoides ‘Hongye’ exhibited a gradual change from green to red colour under light conditions. However, the colouring mechanism in the leaves of E. ulmoides ‘Hongye’ remains unclear. In this study, we compared the pigment content and leaf colour index of E. ulmoides ‘Hongye’ at five stages with those of E. ulmoides ‘Xiaoye’, which was used as the control variety. The transcriptome sequencing data of the first-period (H1, green) and fifth-period (H5, red) leaves were also analysed and compared. The… More >
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