Open Access

ARTICLE

Role of Organic Amendments to Mitigate Cd Toxicity and Its Assimilation in Triticum aestivum L.

Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir¹, Sobia Aslam¹, Muhammad Shahid Rizwan², Allah Wasaya^1,*, Muhammad Ateeq¹, Muhammad Naeem Khan³, Sikander Khan Tanveer⁴, Walid Soufan⁵, Basharat Ali⁶, Allah Ditta^7,8, Arpna Kumari⁹, Ayman EL Sabagh^10,*
1 College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, 31200, Pakistan
2 Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
3 Directorate General Soil Survey of Punjab, Agriculture Department, Lahore, 54780, Pakistan
4 National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
5 Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
6 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
7 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
8 Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan
9 Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
10 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Al Sheikh First, 33511, Egypt
* Corresponding Authors: Allah Wasaya. Email: ; Ayman EL Sabagh. Email:
(This article belongs to this Special Issue: The Effect of Soil Quality Degradation on the Plant Growth, Quality and Food Safety in Subtropical Agroforestry Ecosystems)

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022, 91(11), 2491-2504. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2022.022473

Received 11 March 2022; Accepted 28 April 2022; Issue published 12 July 2022

Abstract

In soil biota, higher and enduring concentration of heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) is hazardous and associated with great loss in growth, yield, and quality parameters of most of the crop plants. Recently, in-situ applications of eco-friendly stabilizing agents in the form of organic modifications have been utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd-toxicity. This controlled experiment was laid down to appraise the imprints of various applied organic amendments namely poultry manure (PM), farmyard manure (FYM), and sugarcane press mud (PS) to immobilize Cd in polluted soil. Moreover, phytoavailability of Cd in wheat was also accessed under an alkaline environment. Results revealed that the addition of FYM (5–10 ton ha^-1 ) in Cd-contaminated soil significantly increased germination rate, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, spike length, biological and grain yield amongst all applied organic amendments. Moreover, the addition of FYM (5–10 ton ha^-1 ) also reduced the phytoavailability of Cd by 73–85% in the roots, 57–83% in the shoots, and 81–90% in grains of wheat crop. Thus, it is affirmed that incorporation of FYM (5–10 ton ha^-1 ) performed better to enhance wheat growth and yield by remediating Cd. Thus, the application of FYM (5–10 ton ha^-1 ) reduced the toxicity induced by Cd to plants by declining its uptake and translocation as compared to all other applied organic amendments to immobilize Cd under sandy alkaline polluted soil.

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Keywords

Cadmium toxicity; mitigation; chlorophyll attributes; morphometry; yield attributes; cereal

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