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ARTICLE

Phytochemical Analysis, Estimation of Quercetin, and in Vitro Anti-Diabetic Potential of Stevia Leaves Samples Procured from Two Geographical Origins

by Kuntal Das¹, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq^2,*, M. Saifulla Khan^1,*, Sravani Singirikonda¹, Abdulhakeem S. Alamri^3,4, Walaa F. Alsanie^3,4, Majid Alhomrani^3,4, Sreeharsha Nagaraja^5,6, Katharigatta N. Venugopala^5,7

1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, VarthurHobli, Bengaluru, 560035, India
2 Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
4 Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
6 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560035, India
7 Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa

* Corresponding Authors: Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq. Email: ," />; M. Saifulla Khan. Email: " />

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Therapeutic Efficiency of Phyto-Molecules)

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022, 91(10), 2349-2365. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2022.022379

Received 07 March 2022; Accepted 11 April 2022; Issue published 30 May 2022

Abstract

The current study used RP-HPLC to compare phytochemicals and estimate the bioactive constituents found in Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (SRB) leaves collected from two different geographical sources. SRB leaves were collected from Bangalore, Karnataka, India, and Reduit, Mauritius. Extracts were prepared using ethanol and aqueous solvents. Proximate analysis was used to evaluate moisture content, ash values, crude fibers, and extractive values. Following that, preliminary phytochemical screening was done on both ethanol leaves extracts, and subsequently total flavonoid content was determined. In addition, TLC chromatograms and RP-HPLC studies were performed on both plant extracts to determine the presence of flavonoid components in both leaves extracts, followed by in vitro anti-diabetic activity was performed with alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes against Acarbose as standard. Results revealed that both the extracts from two different geographical sources varied significantly with the yield, content of chemicals, and presence of quercetin (flavonoid) content when estimated through the RP-HPLC standardized method. Glycosides, flavonoids, proteins, steroids, saponins, terpenoids, and phenols were found in various concentrations during phytochemical screening. Among both zones, the ethanol leaves extract of SRB taken from Mauritius had a greater content of phytochemicals and a higher yield than other extracts due to the soil nature. The Mauritius sample had greater total flavonoid levels as well as more quercetin (0.92 ± 0.011) than the other extracts. Following that, ethanol extract inhibited enzymes (alpha amylase, alpha glucosidases) more than aqueous extract, and this inhibition was dose dependent. Among them, the Mauritius ethanol sample showed higher anti-diabetic efficacy than the Indian sample, but this difference was not significant. Overall, SRB ethanol leaves extracts outperformed other leaves extracts in terms of yield, phytoconstituents, and total flavonoids. Overall, both SRB samples had high quercetin levels and possessed anti-diabetic potential, but they were greater in the Mauritius sample, demonstrating that plant traits are influenced by geographic location.

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