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REVIEW

Muhammad Umer¹, Mustansar Mubeen², Yasir Iftikhar^2,*, Haider Ali³, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye⁴, Rafia Asghar⁵, Mazhar Abbas⁶, Malik Abdul Rehman⁷, Ernesto A. Moya-Elizondo⁸, Yuejun He^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2099-2110, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.022013
Abstract Viral diseases have been studied in-depth for reducing quality, yield, health and longevity of the fruit, to highlight the economic losses. Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses are more devastating among all viruses that infect fruit trees. One of the best examples is papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). It belongs to the genus Potyvirus and it is limited to cause diseases on the family Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Caricaceae. This virus has a serious threat to the production of papaya, which is famous for its high nutritional and pharmaceutical values. The plant parts such as leaves, latex, seeds, fruits, bark, peel and roots may… More >

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666

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REVIEW

M. Ashraf Ahangar¹, Shabir Hussain Wani^1,*, Zahoor A. Dar², Jan Roohi¹, Fayaz Mohiddin¹, Monika Bansal³, Mukesh Choudhary⁴, Sumit K. Aggarwal⁴, S. A. Waza¹, Khursheed Ahmad Dar⁵, Ayman El Sabagh^6,7, Celaleddin Barutcular⁸, Omer Konuşkan⁹, Mohammad Anwar Hossain^10,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2111-2133, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020721
Abstract Maize is cultivated extensively throughout the world and has the highest production among cereals. However, Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) disease caused by Exherohilum turcicum, is the most devastating limiting factor of maize production. The disease causes immense losses to corn yield if it develops prior or during the tasseling and silking stages of crop development. It has a worldwide distribution and its development is favoured by cool to moderate temperatures with high relative humidity. The prevalence of the disease has increased in recent years and new races of the pathogen have been reported worldwide. The fungus E. turcicum is… More >

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855

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ARTICLE

Xiaofang Yu^#,*, Linjie Yue^#, Qing Wu, Liu Yang, Chunyu Fan, Zhiwen Wang, Jiani Hu
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2135-2162, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020139
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
Abstract Iris pseudacorus is a widely cultivated and studied ornamental plant with a large biomass, strong adaptability and extensive management. Moreover, it has the ability to decontaminate and enrich heavy metals. However, few studies have been conducted on its submergence tolerance with little known about the molecular response of I. pseudacorus to flooding. Morphologically, I. pseudacorus had strong adaptability to waterlogging, the aerenchyma was gradually enlarged and adventitious roots developed between 0 and 14 d. The transcriptome data showed that the differentially expressed genes counts in plants flooded for 2 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h compared with the… More >

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692

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Qianqian Li¹, Qi Zhao^1,2,*, Xinzhuan Yao¹, Baohui Zhang¹, Litang Lu^1,2,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2163-2189, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021530
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
Abstract The cellulose synthase gene superfamily, including Cellulose synthase A (CesA) and cellulose synthase-like (Csl) gene families, is responsible for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively. The CesA/Csl genes are vital for abiotic stress resistance and shoot tenderness regulation of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). However, the CesA/Csl gene family has not been extensively studied in tea plants. Here, we identified 53 CsCesA/Csl genes in tea plants. These genes were grouped into five subfamilies (CsCesA, CsCslB, CsCslD, CsCslE, CsCslG) based on the phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis and rice. The analysis of chromosome distribution, gene structure, protein domain and motif revealed that… More >

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668

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ARTICLE

Huanli Wang, Lingjun Yan, Xi Huang, Zhongwei Wang, Yuanhao Yue, Shijie Tang^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2191-2210, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020735
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Omics in Challenging Environment)
Abstract Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a rapid and effective approach toward detecting the expression patterns of target genes. The selection of a stable reference gene under specific test condition is essential for expressing levels of target genes accurately. Tilia miqueliana, considered endangered, is a prominent native ornamental and honey tree in East China. No study has evaluated the optimal endogenous reference gene for qRT-PCR analysis in T. miqueliana systematically. In this study, fifteen commonly used reference genes were selected as candidate genes, and the stabilities of their expressions were assessed using four algorithms (GeNorm, NormFiner, BestKeeper, and DeltaCt)… More >

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515

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Jiasen Wu¹, Genping Tong², Rui Guo², Zihao Ye¹, Jin Jin¹, Haiping Lin^1,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2211-2220, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021382
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: The Effect of Soil Quality Degradation on the Plant Growth, Quality and Food Safety in Subtropical Agroforestry Ecosystems)
Abstract Metasequoia glyptostroboides (M. glyptostroboides) is a unique plant species related to relic flora in China. It plays a positive role in afforestation and its long-term protection with high paleoclimate research value. However, due to the nutrients-supply deficiency, it is a big challenge to cultivate the high-quality seedlings of M. glyptostroboides. In this study, a pot experiment in a greenhouse environment was carried out to identify the effect of N-exponential fertilization on the growth and nutrient distribution of M. glyptostroboides seedling. The M. glyptostroboides rooted seedlings with 12-month growth were chosen. Different N fertilizer levels with conventional fertilization (CF: 5.0 g… More >

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567

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ARTICLE

Longlong Bai^1,#, Yong Zhang^2,#, Min Wang¹, Ying He¹, Tao Ye¹, Keli Zhao^1,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2221-2233, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021422
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: The Effect of Soil Quality Degradation on the Plant Growth, Quality and Food Safety in Subtropical Agroforestry Ecosystems)
Abstract Chinese Torreya grandis (Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii) is a unique economic tree species in China. Intensive management related to application of chemical fertilizer and herbicides caused serious soil quality degradation of Chinese Torreya grandis plantations. Totally, 120 soil samples were collected from the main disbtributed areas of Chinese Torreya grandis in Southeastern China. In this area, soil pH values varied from 3.68 to 6.78, with a median value of 4.91, implying a trend of acidification. The average concentrations of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 27.52 g kg⁻¹, 135.77 mg kg⁻¹, 15.12 mg kg⁻¹, and 153.43… More >

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1235

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527

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ARTICLE

Mazhar Ali¹, Nasir Masood¹, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed¹, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar², Khalid F. Almutairi², Liyun Liu³, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar⁴, Karthika Rajendran⁵, Ayman EL Sabagh^6,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2235-2248, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021644
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Comprehensive Effects of Biochar or other Additives after Applied to Agricultural and Forest Soils)
Abstract Soil amendments containing carbonized materials increase the soil carbon reservoir, influence plant productivity, and, ultimately, help to clean the environment. There is data on the effect of such additions on soil physicochemical properties or plant growth, but few studies have focused on how these carbonized materials are distributed by termite species in the soil ecosystem. It is the first comprehensive study of the transportation of biochar (BC) by termite species under tropical environmental conditions in Pakistan. The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that if termite species I) were involved in the distribution of biochar particles II)… More >

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565

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Lina Baz¹, Aala A. Abulfaraj², Manal A. Tashkandi³, Hanadi M. Baeissa³, Mohammed Y. Refai³, Aminah A. Barqawi⁴, Ashwag Shami⁵, Haneen W. Abuauf⁶, Ruba A. Ashy⁷, Rewaa S. Jalal^7,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2249-2268, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021922
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant–Environment Interactions)
Abstract The present study aimed to predict differential enrichment of pathways and compounds in the rhizosphere microbiomes of the two wild plants (Abutilon fruticosum and Nitrosalsola vermiculata) and to predict functional shifts in microbiomes due to water. Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA region V3–V4 was done and gene-based microbial compositions were enrolled in PICRUSt to predict enriched pathways and compounds. The results indicated that “ABC transporters” and “Quorum sensing” pathways are among the highest enriched pathways in rhizosphere microbiomes of the two wild plants compared with those of the bulk soil microbiomes. The highest enriched compounds in soil microbiomes of the… More >

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620

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ARTICLE

Zhengyu Wu¹, Kaiqiang Li¹, Lin Yuan², Jingcheng Zhang¹, Xianfeng Zhou^1,*, Dongmei Chen^1,*, Kaihua Wei¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2269-2282, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.022607
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant–Environment Interactions)
Abstract As the source and main producing area of tea in the world, China has formed unique tea culture, and achieved remarkable economic benefits. However, frequent meteorological disasters, particularly low temperature frost damage in late spring has seriously threatened the growth status of tea trees and caused quality and yield reduction of tea industry. Thus, timely and accurate early warning of frost damage occurrence in specific tea garden is very important for tea plantation management and economic values. Aiming at the problems existing in current meteorological disaster forecasting methods, such as difficulty in obtaining massive meteorological data, large amount of calculation… More >

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1222

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525

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ARTICLE

Wenbin Dai¹, Lina Wang^1,2,*, Binrui Wang¹, Xiaohong Cui¹, Xue Li¹
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2283-2296, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021096
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract Temperature in agricultural production has a direct impact on the growth of crops. The emergence of greenhouses has improved the impact of the original unpredictable changes in temperature, but the temperature modeling of greenhouses is still the main direction at present. Neural network modeling relies on sufficient actual data to model greenhouses, but there is a widening gap in the application of different neural networks. This paper proposes a greenhouse temperature prediction model based on wavelet neural network with genetic algorithm (GA-WNN). With the simple network structure and the nonlinear adaptability of the wavelet basis function, wavelet neural network (WNN)… More >

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708

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Dongping Zha^1,2, Haisheng Cai^1,*, Xueling Zhang¹, Qinggang He¹, Liting Chen¹, Chunqing Qiu¹, Shufang Xia²
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2297-2311, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020117
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Integrating Agronomy and Plant Physiology for Improving Crop Production)
Abstract The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic plant that grows in shallow water and has long been cultivated in South China. It can improve the incomes of farmers and plays an important role in alleviating poverty in rural China. However, a modern method is required to accurately estimate the area of lotus fields. Lotus has spectral characteristics similar to those of rice, grassland, and shrubs. The features surrounding areas where it is grown are complex, small, and fragmented. Few studies have examined the remote sensing extraction of lotus fields, and automatic extraction and mapping are still challenging methods. Here,… More >

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788

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Lingdi Liu, Chunxiu Wen, Wei Tian, Xiaoliang Xie, Saiqun Wen, Tao Jiang^*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2313-2330, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020295
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Plant Bioactive Compounds-Chemotaxonomic Significance, Antioxidant Properties, Potential Application as Food Ingredients as well as Therapeutics, and the Analytical Technology in Their Efficient Discovery)
Abstract Forsythiae Fructus, the fruit of Forsythia suspense is a traditional Chinese hebal medicine that has the antiviral and antioxidant effects in China. Modern analytical chemistry studies showed that the extracts of Forsythiae Fructus contain many bioactive components, such as flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, which can be used to anti-inflammatory and treat toxicity, tonsillitis, ulcers, pharyngitis and acute nephritis. In order to study the types and quantities of metabolites in Forsythiae Fructus, we isolated, identified and analysed metabolites between two varieties of Forsythiae Fructus using UPLC/ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS. The results showed that a total of 407 metabolites were identified in… More >

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1370

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564

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Zongmin Mou^1,2,3, Fei Ye⁴, Fangchen Shen¹, Dake Zhao^1,2,3,*
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2331-2348, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021273
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Biotechnology of Plant Secondary Metabolites)
Abstract Aconitum vilmorinianum, a well-known traditional Chinese herb, is recently being threatened by overexploitation and environment disturbance. This study was conducted to provide propagation methods through in vitro germination and explant cultivation. Germination was stimulated up to 66.00% on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.1 mg L⁻¹ 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 30 g L⁻¹ sucrose. Three bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans, Erwinia persicina, and Pseudomonas tolaasii) would be responsible for consistent contamination during germination. The latter two were effectively eradicated after disinfected. The influence of explant types and hormone combinations on direct and indirect organogenesis was evaluated… More >

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630

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Kuntal Das¹, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq^2,*, M. Saifulla Khan^1,*, Sravani Singirikonda¹, Abdulhakeem S. Alamri^3,4, Walaa F. Alsanie^3,4, Majid Alhomrani^3,4, Sreeharsha Nagaraja^5,6, Katharigatta N. Venugopala^5,7
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2349-2365, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.022379
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Therapeutic Efficiency of Phyto-Molecules)
Abstract The current study used RP-HPLC to compare phytochemicals and estimate the bioactive constituents found in Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (SRB) leaves collected from two different geographical sources. SRB leaves were collected from Bangalore, Karnataka, India, and Reduit, Mauritius. Extracts were prepared using ethanol and aqueous solvents. Proximate analysis was used to evaluate moisture content, ash values, crude fibers, and extractive values. Following that, preliminary phytochemical screening was done on both ethanol leaves extracts, and subsequently total flavonoid content was determined. In addition, TLC chromatograms and RP-HPLC studies were performed on both plant extracts to determine the presence of flavonoid components in… More >

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